复合土工合成材料在垃圾填埋场中的应用

介绍复合土工合成材料排水/气垫层在垃圾填埋场中的应用情况。对材料的渗透率、抗剪强度、长期折减系数等关键指标进行详细研究,给出基本的设计步骤。并对复合土工合成材料试验、施工和选材等进行讨论并给出建议。     

LF钢包精炼炉烟气参数的理论分析与计算

用钢包精炼炉(LF)炉气量、炉盖烟气量、炉盖烟气温度等参数结合冶炼工艺及炉盖结构进行理论分析,总结出确定以上参数的计算公式,以此可指导LF的工艺设计、炉盖结构设计以及除尘系统的设计与实践。     

老填埋场竖向加高扩容工程的沉降计算与分析

针对老填埋场竖向加高扩容时垃圾堆体沉降机理的特殊性,将老垃圾堆体的沉降分为3部分:主固结沉降、次应力沉降、降解沉降,并研究各部分沉降的计算方法。结合工程实例,对沉降计算公式中有关参数取值进行探讨,并对扩容垃圾荷载作用下原垃圾堆体的沉降发展趋势进行分析,为扩容工程设计采取相应的沉降控制措施提供了依据。     

淄博某热电厂粉煤灰双免砖的研制

研究了粉煤灰的用量、成型水分、粘结剂的种类及用量、外加剂的种类及用量、养护时间等因素对粉煤灰双免砖的影响,探讨了粘结剂的作用机理.     

Strength and workability of masonry mortars manufactured with ladle furnace slag

Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources.     

改性污泥替代垃圾填埋场覆土的研究

以市政污泥为研究对象,采用固化剂对污泥进行改性,通过分析不同固化剂添加比例下固化产物的抗压强度和渗透系数,比较不同养护时间下污泥固化产物浸出液的COD、氨氮和重金属性质,探讨市政污泥固化产物作为垃圾填埋场覆土可行性。实验结果表明：固化剂添加比例为30％的固化产物抗压强度高于50kPa,其渗透系数达到10^-7cm／s数量级,基本满足覆土材料的标准要求。污泥固化产物重金属的最大浸出量远远低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-88）中一级排放标准。随养护时间延长,固化产物浸出液COD和氨氮浸出浓度亦呈下降趋势,重金属Pb、Cd浸出量明显减少,浸出比例小于1％。养护有利于降低固化产物的浸出污染程度,30％的污泥固化产物养护3d后可作为垃圾填埋场日覆盖材料。     

Characterization of eco-cement paste produced from waste sludges

In this study, marble sludge, sewage sludge, drinking water treatment plant sludge, and basic oxygen furnace sludge were used as replacements for limestone, sand, clay, and iron slag, respectively, as the raw materials for the production of cement in order to produce eco-cement. It was found that it is feasible to use marble sludge to replace up to 50% of the limestone and also that other materials can serve as total replacements for the raw materials typically used in the production of cement. The major components of Portland cement were all found in eco-cement clinkers. The eco-cement was confirmed to produce calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrates during the hydration process, increasing densification with the curing age. The compressive strength (S_c) and microstructural evaluations conducted at 28 d revealed the usefulness of eco-cement. It was observed that the S_c data correlated linearly with the pore volume (P) data at 28 d. The proposed model equation could be represented as S_c = 178-461P (correlation coefficient, R² = 0.96). Two parameters, the large capillary pore volume and the medium capillary pore volume, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis.     

Fly and bottom ashes from biomass combustion as cement replacing components in mortars production: Rheological behaviour of the pastes and materials compression strength

In the present research mortar pastes obtained by replacing a commercial cement with the equivalent mass of 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of fly ash or bottom ash from fir chips combustion, were prepared and rheologically characterized. It was observed that the presence of ash modifies their rheological behaviour with respect to the reference blend due to the presence, in the ashes, of KCl and K₂SO₄ which cause precipitation of gypsum and portlandite during the first hydration stages of the pastes. Hydrated materials containing 5 wt.% of ash display compression strength and absorption at 28 d of same magnitude as the reference composition; conversely, progressive increase of ash cause a continuous decline of materials performances. Conversely, samples tested after 180 d display a marked decline of compression strength, as a consequence of potassium elution and consequent alkali-silica reaction against materials under curing.     

石化企业浮顶罐大呼吸损耗核算方法分析

石化企业储罐无组织排放挥发性有机物(VOCs)带来严重的环境问题和油品损耗问题,以浮顶罐的大呼吸损耗为代表。在概述浮顶罐大呼吸损耗机理的基础上,以北京某石化企业的甲苯内浮顶罐为基准案例,对国内外4种核算公式进行了对比分析,考察了影响浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的因素,并提出有效的减耗措施。结果表明:采用我国推荐的公式进行核算更符合我国实际,需建立和完善以我国有机液体理化参数和储罐构造为基准的核算方法和软件;影响浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的主要因素包括油品性质、周转量、罐体直径、罐壁黏附系数等,其中罐壁黏附系数为关键影响因素。     

基于响应面法的污泥快速固化效能综合影响

针对现有污泥固化技术存在的固化养护时间长、低温条件下固化效能低等问题。研究提出污泥快速（3d）固化技术,采用响应曲面分析方法,重点考察了石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和温度等5因素对固化效能的综合影响,研究结果表明,石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和养护温度等因素对3d固化体的无侧限抗压强度和含水率的线性效应显著,石灰和组分A、石灰和养护温度对无侧限抗压强度的交互影响显著,石灰和粉煤灰、组分A和养护温度、硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰对含水率的交互影响显著;得出了5因素对固化体3d无侧限抗压强度和含水率影响的定量模型,可对污泥快速固化进行优化和预测;并利用XRD和SED对污泥固化块的化学成分和微观结构进行了分析。