NORTH AMERICAN INTERSTATE WEATHER MODIFICATION COUNCIL: NEED,GOALS, PURPOSE,AND ACTIVITIES1

ABSTRACT: A need for the prudent design and critical analysis of all weather modification efforts was expressed by the attendees of the June 1974 Governors' Weather Modification Conference in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The attendees also expressed a need for an organization to coordinate and cooperate in intrastate, interstate and possible international weather modification activities, particularly in view of the growing importance of agricultural production, energy demand and domestic water supply. The North American Interstate Weather Modification Council (NAIWMC) was ratified on January 17, 1975, in Denver, Colorado, with its main purpose to achieve and maintain state and local control of such activities while endeavoring to attain a high degree of legislative uniformity and an effective information exchange mechanism. The need, goals, and objectives of the newly-created Council are summarized herein. The by-laws of the Council are presented according to the articles adopted at the organizational meeting. Membership in the Council is available to all states of the United States of America, Mexico, and all provinces of Canada. The officers of the Council are elected from its membership according to the regions of weather modification activities. A summary of the Council's progress at performing the purposes is presented in this paper. Definition of the users involved in the North American Interstate Weather Modification Council has been achieved during the early activities of the Council. The Council's views on federal and state weater modification legislation are presented according to position statements that have been adopted by the member states and provinces.     

A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER1

Trace quantities of copper (II) ion can be found in natural water as waste products from industrial, mining, and agricultural operations. Because low concentrations of copper can be toxic to plant life, many workers have devised methods of analysis for this metal in water. These methods require expensive equipment and skilled technicians. The described study illustrates a simple method in which copper (II) ion is concentrated by a batch ion exchange technique and estimated colorimetrically after formation of the blue triethylenetetramine complex. Using the visible absorption peak of the complex at 600 nm it was possible to obtain accurate estimations of original copper concentrations in the range 0.5-3 ppm. Using the complex absorption peak at 260 nm in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum increased the sensitivity by a factor of twenty. Because of the dependence of the complex formation reaction on solution acidity it is possible to optimize conditions for the detection of copper (II) in the presence of other metal ions. This type of method, which could be extended to the analysis of other metal ions, could be performed by a relatively unskilled technician under field conditions.     

Fuzzy assessment of land suitability for scientific research reserves

Evaluating the characteristics of a set of sites as potential scientific research reserves is an example of land suitability assessment. Suitability in this case is based upon multiple criteria, many of which can be linguistically imprecise and often incompatible. Fuzzy logic is a useful method for characterizing imprecise suitability criteria and for combining criteria into an overall suitability rating. The Ecosystem Management Decision Support software combined a fuzzy logic knowledge base we developed to represent the assessment problem with a GIS database providing site-specific data for the assessment. Assessment of sites as a potential natural reserve for the new University of California campus at Merced demonstrates the benefits of fuzzy suitability assessment. The study was conducted in three stages of successively smaller assessment regions with increasingly fine spatial resolution and specificity of criteria. Several sites were identified that best satisfy the suitability criteria for a reserve to represent vernal pool habitat.     

树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的研究

研究了树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的工艺过程，研究结果表明，NDA－900吸附树脂对该废水具有良好的吸附－脱附处理效果，在原废水中对氨基苯磺酸质量浓度为5000－6000mg/L，氨基值近5000mg/L,COD高达10000mg/L以上，经树脂吸附处理后（处理量为每批次12BV），对氨基苯磺酸的去除率大于96％，氨基值去除率大于65％，COD去除率大于55％，树脂脱附液经酸化结晶，过滤处理，可回收对氨基苯磺酸。     

PREDICTION OF MASTER RECESSION CURVES AND BASEFLOW RECESSIONS IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: An analysis of hydrograph recessions and rainfall data was performed to estimate the recession constants for two watersheds in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. To account for seasonal rainfall patterns, the data were grouped into dry and wet seasons. Sets of three Master Recession Curves (MRC) per season for each watershed were developed: one using the Matching Strip Method (MS) and two using variations of the Correlation Method (CM). These variations were the envelope line (CME) and the least squares regression (CMR). Other regression based analytical expressions that consider the streamflow recession as an autore‐gressive or an integrated moving average process were also applied. The regression based methods performed consistently better than the graphical ones and they proved to be faster, easier, and less subjective. The recession constants from these methods were then used to estimate the time it would take the streamflow to reach the critical Q₉₉ flow duration. Based on this study, once the streamflow reaches Q₉₀, water managers have 6 to 12 days warning before streamflow reaches critical levels.     

江苏地区强震观测30年

从1972年原国家地震局南京地震大队与原国家地震局工程力学研究所合作筹建长江大桥强震观测台网起至今，江苏省的强震观测已经走过了30年的路程。 30年中，江苏强震台网在1974年溧阳地震、 1983年菏泽地震和1990年常熟地震中获得的有科学价值的地震记录，为大型桥梁空间动力性质的分析提供了实证资料，也为中国东部深井地震性质等重要科学问题的研究提供了实证资料。 江苏省地震局的科技人员还进行了大量与强震观测相关的科研工作。 至今，在江苏省及邻近地区已形成了固定观测与流动观测相结合的强震观测台网。 本文简要回顾了江苏强震观测30年历程，并展望了未来发展的前景。     

基于GIS工业危险源和隐患控制及应急调控技术的应用研究

笔者把面向对象方法及地理信息系统 (GIS)的技术应用于工业危险源与隐患控制及其应急调控技术中。介绍了面向对象的工业危险源、隐患控制及应急调控地理信息系统的功能、特点、开发环境以及设计与系统实现 ,旨在研究和探索更加完善和科学的现代化安全管理模式     

在强震区进行投资应注意的几个问题

在强震区进行投资时,除要考虑一般经济环境下的投资风险外,还要考虑特殊自然环境条件下的风险.区域的地震危险性、自然环境危害性和经济运行安全性都是在强震区投资活动中应综合考虑的因素,文中就如何控制强震区的投资风险提出了建议.     

离子交换树脂再生水回用的实验研究

在油田稠油注蒸汽所需的离子交换树脂系统中,再生盐水仅能一次性使用,外排盐水会对水体、耕地和环境产生不良的影响。对离子交换树脂再生盐水回用工艺进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:当HJ-1与HJ-3、HJ-4、HJ-5联合使用时,再生盐水中镁离子的浓度可大幅度地降低。几种药剂对再生盐水中钙离子的去除作用效果各不相同,HJ-4对钙的处理效果明显优于HJ-3与HJ-5。现场实验表明:采用复配药剂处理含盐废水,可以实现含盐废水的回用。目前该处理工艺已在某些油田应用,取得了良好的运行效果。     

聚苯乙烯树脂溶剂型可剥防锈塑料的研制

本实验通过对比实验方法,研制了一种具有优良耐腐蚀性能与机械性能的聚苯乙烯树脂溶剂型可剥防锈塑料,该产品采用废弃泡沫为主要成膜物质,即解决了白色垃圾问题,实现了废物利用,又解决了钢铁件的防锈问题。对该产品进行性能测试,所得到的产品膜层光亮、韧性好,易于涂施、流平性好。