影响脱硫塔性能的因素分析与研究

湿法烟气脱硫是成熟且具有较好发展前景的工艺,其中关键是对脱硫塔的选择及通过各项参数的控制达到良好的脱硫效率.通过对脱硫塔酸碱度(PH)、气液比(L/G)、流场特性、结垢等各种性能进行分析研究,对脱硫塔的选择和实际运行具有一定的指导意义.     

解决经济发展与淡水资源紧缺矛盾的新途径研究--以青岛市黄岛区为例

随着黄岛区迅速成为青岛市新的经济重心,该区淡水资源的紧缺与经济发展的矛盾日益突出.解决该地区水资源紧缺问题除传统的通过挖潜当地水资源及外部调水途径外,加大对海水的利用及对中水利用也是解决该区水资源紧缺问题的重要途径.结合黄岛区分区规划对黄岛区在海水利用及中水回用方面的必要性和可行性进行了探讨.     

我国污水处理回用存在的问题及其对策

针对我国水环境面临的严峻现实,分析了污水处理回用中存在的问题,提出了加强宣传力度,合理选择污水处理厂的处理规模和处理工艺,制定和完善污水回用的有关政策法规及合理解决水价,建立可持续发展的污水处理回用管理体系,多元化筹集建设资金,发展污水回用(污水资源化)的多元模式的对策.     

民用飞机整机低温试验中断处理方法研究

根据民用飞机整机开展气候类实验室低温环境试验的工程需求与技术特点,对试验过程中可能出现的中断情况进行了归纳,并给出了相应的实验室中断处理方法 ,形成了实验室操作规程体系.结合相关试验标准归纳的主要中断原因,基于过试验、欠试验、责任故障、非责任故障等引起的中断情况,明确其可能造成的影响后果,并研究了中断后的处理方法 .按...     

复合污染状态下尾矿区有害化学品的迁移研究

用混合尾矿浆及尾矿渣淋溶柱,研究选矿药剂在尾矿渣及尾矿废水中的静态分布及其淋溶作用,结果表明:①选矿药剂对整个尾矿区都污染,即使是水溶性好的药剂,它们在尾矿渣中的静态分布也占有相当的比例,油溶性好的药剂多存在于尾矿渣中,尾矿污染为多种药剂的复合污染,各种药剂在尾矿渣及尾矿废水中的总浓度成倍加大;②用尾矿渣淋溶柱测得单一药剂的淋溶值:25号黑药>MIBC> CN->二号油>乙基黄药>丁基黄药>Y-89黄药.但多种药剂复合污染时,药剂的淋溶距离明显加大,其中CN-和Y-89黄药加大近一倍.复合药剂污染加大药剂的残留期,也加大它们向地下水及其它水源迁移的几率.     

Field reconnaissance and estimation of petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal contents of soils affected by the Ebocha-8 oil spillage in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Field reconnaissance of the Ebocha-8 oil spill-affected site at Obiobi/Obrikom in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was carried out to assess the extent of damage to the terrestrial ecosystem and delimit the epicenter of oil spillage. Following three successive reconnaissance surveys, the area to be sampled was delimited (200 x 200 m2), and soil samples were collected using the grid method from three replicate quadrats at two depths, surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm). A geographically similar area located 50 m adjacent to the oil-polluted area was used as a reference (control) site. Total hydrocarbon content (THC) and heavy metal concentrations were later determined in the laboratory by extraction and spetrophotemetric techniques. Generally, the THC of soils at surface and subsurface depths of the oil-polluted plots was 2.06 x 10(4) +/- 4.97 x 10(3) mg/kg and 1.67 x 10(3) +/- 3.61 x 10(2) mg/kg soil, respectively, (no overlap in standard errors at 95% confidence limit) while concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, V, Cu and Ni) were enhanced, especially at the surface. The high levels of THC and heavy metals may predispose the site, which hitherto served as arable agricultural land, to impaired fertility and possible conflagration. When concentrations of heavy metals reach the levels obtained in this study, they may become toxic to plants or possibly bio-accumulate, thus leading to toxic reactions along the food chain. While the spilled-oil may have contributed to the enhanced levels of the metals in the affected soils, physico-chemical properties of the soils, mobility of metals, and the intense rainfall and flooding that preceded the period of study may have also contributed in part to their enhanced concentrations. The presence of high hydrocarbon content may cause oxygen deprivation, which may result in the death of soil fauna by asphyxiation. There is, therefore, an urgent need to clear the affected site of these excess hydrocarbon deposits so as to enhance the rehabilitation process of the affected mat layer of soils. Other appropriate mitigating measures, such as subsequent monitoring of hydrocarbon levels at suitable intervals after the clean up activities, are also recommended, with reference to the findings of this study, for effective management of the affected area.     

A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties

Sense of place can be conceived as a multidimensional construct representing beliefs, emotions and behavioural commitments concerning a particular geographic setting. This view, grounded in attitude theory, can better reveal complex relationships between the experience of a place and attributes of that place than approaches that do not differentiate cognitive, affective and conative domains. Shoreline property owners (N=290) in northern Wisconsin were surveyed about their sense of place for their lakeshore properties. A predictive model comprising owners' age, length of ownership, participation in recreational activities, days spent on the property, extent of property development, and perceptions of environmental features, was employed to explain the variation in dimensions of sense of place. In general, the results supported a multidimensional approach to sense of place in a context where there were moderate to high correlations among the three place dimensions. Perceptions of environmental features were the biggest predictors of place dimensions, with owners' perceptions of lake importance varying in explanatory power across place dimensions.     

Assessment of Environmental Water Demands (EWD) of Forests for Two Distinct Indian Ecosystems

Sustainable use of water and land resources requires that these scarce resources be appropriately allocated among various competing human activities. Worldwide, there is a realization now that sustainable river basin management should be accorded the highest priority, because it deals not only with technical, but also with ecological and socioeconomic aspects, and thus calls for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach. However, most of the policy and planning documents have either remained silent, or have made only implicit reference to the importance of environmental water demand (EWD) and its quantification. Therefore, in the light of its importance, a methodology has been evolved in this article for quantifying EWD for various forested areas in two distinctly different Indian river basins: Brahmani (humid zone) and Sabarmati (dry zone). The article analyzes and discusses EWD estimates at three different spatial levels: river basins, states, and districts within them, and finally presents a comparative analysis of all these results. Findings of the present study will be immensely useful in understanding various ecological issues connected with water resource projects and proposals in these river basins.     

西藏农村能源消费及环境影响研究

西藏农村人口现有220多万,占全区总人口80％以上,农村经济落后,城乡差距很大。西藏农村能源资源主要有水力、地热、太阳能、风力、林木和畜粪等,煤炭、石油、天然气等高热值的优质能源很少。在这种经济发展水平及能源资源基础条件下,农村能源消费中高热值的现代能源比重很低,主要以生物质能如薪柴、牛粪、草皮等为主。这种低水平的能源消费结构已经对西藏脆弱的生态环境造成了巨大的破坏,西藏未来的能源发展战略迫切需要改变农村目前的消费结构,应发展太阳能、风能、农村小水电及输入高热值的化石能源替代目前生物质能的消费,减少因能源消费对西藏生态环境的破坏。     

硫化物生物氧化脱硫技术研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外硫化物生物氧化为单质硫的各种脱硫技术.分析总结了硫化物生物氧化为单质硫工艺的各种影响因素,包括氧硫比、溶解氧浓度、硫化物浓度、化学氧化、微生物菌种、pH值、温度等因素.提出了生物氧化脱硫技术的发展前景.该技术将脱硫和单质硫的回收和为一体,是一种安全、低成本将含硫废液变废为宝的工艺技术.