生化法处理含氨废水动力学研究

对生化法处理含氨废水过去中有重要影响的动力学因素进行了试验研究和分析，得出了利用高效微生物菌群废水中COD和NH3－N的动力学条件，温度为20－35℃，PH为7－8，DO大于2.6mg/L,MLSS大于2.6g/L，C／N小于3。在此条件下处理含氨废水，处理后的出水达到国家化肥行业一级排放标准。     

石化废水脱氮技术现状分析

针对石化废水脱氮的现有技术进行归纳,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了对比分析,探讨了目前石化废水的脱氮技术现状和发展趋势。结论是:目前还没有一种通用的方法能处理所有氨氮废水,必须针对不同废水选择不同的技术及工艺。为了更有效地处理废水,应联合使用多种方法和工艺,这已是目前废水处理的一种趋势。     

STABILITY AND REACH LENGTH IN WATER SURFACE PROFILE DETERMINATION1

ABSTRACT: Extension of basic step methods of backwater computation to reaches of finite length is examined. Accuracies of commonly accepted hydraulic loss equations under particular water surface profile conditions are compared. Simulation of energy lines within a reach by parabolic curves is found to minimize error provided orientation of the axis of the parabola is selected in accordance with prevailing hydraulic conditions. Theoretical basis for an index reach length beyond which single-step computation from end to end of the reach must be in error is developed. Reduction of this reach length by suitable factors tailored to hydraulic conditions yields a mathematically defined allowable reach length for backwater computation. When reach length does not exceed this allowable reach length, no significant error may be detected. Automatic insertion of synthetic cross sections interpolated between surveyed cross sections when these are inadvertently spaced too far apart enables computation to proceed. This device is error-free for prismatic channls but may introduce error for irregular natural channels. Preliminary trials indicate that results so obtained may be accepted provided the fall in the original reach does not exceed from one to two feet. When this is exceeded, additional cross sections should be surveyed.     

广东沿海地区海平面上升影响综合评估

从系统的角度出发,建立了海平面灾害综合评估因子指标体系,引入了抗灾能力指数的概念,提出了一个综合评估模型,并以广东省沿海地区为例进行了海平面上升影响综合评估,结果表明,由于模型中考虑了抗灾能力指数,变被支评估为主动评估,使海岸灾害风险等级的评估结果更符合实际,评估结构可用于指导宏观抗灾,救灾,减灾等活动,该模型已用于广东海平面的地理信息系统（光盘）。     

Dynamics of Ammonia Exchange in Response to Cutting and Fertilising in an Intensively-Managed Grassland

Continuous micrometorological measurements of ammonia (NH₃)exchange were made for a period of 19 months (May 1998–November 1999) over intensively managed grassland in southern Scotland. This study focused on the influence of management activities, such as cutting and fertilising, on vegetation-atmosphere exchange of NH₃. Measurements were conducted within the European project GRAMINAE (GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe) within which the Scottish site forms one of 6 sites in an E–W transect across Europe. NH₃ emissions were enhanced (up to 300 ng m^-2 s^-1) after cutting followed by larger emissions after fertilising (up to 1400 ng m^-2 s^-1). Annual budget calculations show the intensive grassland acted as a net source (1.8 kg N ha^-1 yr¹) although fluxes were bi-directional with deposition dominating in the winter and emission in the summer. Initial modelling of the NH₃ exchange using a `canopy compensation point' model has been conducted for key periods. The dynamics of the fluxes during these key periods, such as before and after cutting and fertilising, may be reproduced by introducing different values of the apoplastic ratio, = [NH₄ ⁺]/[H⁺].     

岷江流域地表水水质的模糊综合评价

岷江是长江上游的一个重要支流，其水质安全对维持成都平原正常的生产生活起着至关重要的作用。采用模糊综合评价的方法，对岷江流域14个地表水监测断面的水质状况进行了综合评价。结果表明：在14个监测断面中，处于清洁和未污染程度的断面占50％，主要位于岷江流域的上游和下游，其水质状况较好；处于重污染的断面占29％，主要位于岷江流域的中游，水质状况较差。因此，需要加强流域综合治理尤其是对岷江中游的治理，以确保岷江流域的水质安全。     

基于风险的检验(RBI)在国内合成氨装置中的应用

利用API581基于风险的检验原理,采用RISKWISE分析软件对九江石化合成氨装置中的设备和管道进行了风险评估;并在装置采用的工艺、不同装置的设备和管道的失效机理和计算出的风险分布这3方面,将其风险评估结果与国内兄弟单位完成的其他合成氨装置的风险评估结果进行了比对;其结果体现了我国目前合成氨装置的设备和管道风险的大致分布,可供我国其他合成氨装置的风险评估参考,也为制定我国合成氨装置基于风险检验的法规标准提供了相关数据;同时,对国内采用针对装置的基于风险的检验的新模式进行了探讨。     

基于道化学法的大型合成氨装置安全评价

根据道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数的基本原理。用VH6．0开发的安全评价软件DowSE1．0，对某大型合成氨装置进行安全评价，得出其安全措施补偿前后的火灾、爆炸指数F＆EI以及危险暴露面积，危害系数，危险等级，实际可能财产损失程度等指数。结果表明。合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值都没有超过200万美元，气化系统在合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值占损失替换值比例高达53％，超过了10％的相对危险值界限。说明在引进国外技术时应注重其安全防范配套措施消化吸收，并结合实际采取切实可行的安全措施，降低合成氨装置的风险程度。     

危险货物道路运输系统的风险评价

分析了危险货物道路运输系统的风险影响因素,在此基础上建立了风险评价指标体系,并采用专家咨询法确定了各指标的权重,提出了使用模糊数学综合评价法对危险货物道路运输系统进行风险评价,并通过实例对评价模型进行了验证.结果表明,利用模糊综合评价的方法对危险货物道路运输系统的风险进行研究,可以为危险货物道路运输企业和交通安全监管部门对危险货物道路运输采取有效的安全控制措施,提供有益的参考.     

Fitting a Gamma Distribution Over a Synthetic Unit Hydrograph1

ABSTRACT: Several methods for synthetic unit hydrographs are available in the literature. Most of these methods involve the hand fitting of a curve over a set of a few hydrograph points, which can sometimes be a subjective task. Besides, the user often finds it difficult or simply neglects to adjust the generated unit graph to a runoff volume of one unit (inch, cm, or mm). It is the purpose of this paper to present to the design hydrologist a simple method to fit a smooth gamma distribution over a single point specified by the unit hydrograph peak and the time to peak with a guaranteed unit depth of runoff.