施加牛粪熟肥对黄土吸附双酚A的影响

为研究施加腐熟牛粪对黄土吸附BPA（双酚A）的影响,采用批量平衡试验法,分析不同因素[如黄土粒径、体系温度、初始ρ （BPA）、离子强度、pH等]对BPA在黄土及施加牛粪熟肥黄土上吸附量的影响.结果表明:BPA在黄土中的吸附均符合先快后慢并最终达到平衡的吸附规律,准二级动力学模型能较好地描述其吸附动力学过程.BPA在黄土与施加腐熟牛粪黄土上的解吸量远小于其吸附量,说明吸附-解吸过程中存在解吸滞后性.黄土与施加腐熟牛粪黄土对BPA的热力学吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,并且吸附等温线符合L-型吸附等温模式,BPA的吸附吉布斯自由能（ΔGθ） < 0,焓变（ΔHθ） < 0,熵变（ΔSθ） < 0,表明该吸附属于混乱程度减小、可自发放热的吸附过程.影响因素分析结果显示,黄土对BPA的吸附量随其粒径的减小而增大,而不论是否施加腐熟牛粪,其对BPA的吸附量均随体系温度升高而减少,且随初始ρ （BPA）的增加而升高.此外,加入的阳离子（Ca2+、Mg2+）会与BPA形成竞争吸附,不论是黄土还是施加腐熟牛粪黄土,其对BPA的吸附量均随加入阳离子浓度的升高而降低.当pH为3~7时,黄土与施加腐熟牛粪黄土对BPA的吸附量随着pH的升高而增加,而pH为7~10时对BPA的吸附量变化较小,表明该范围内pH变化对黄土与施加腐熟牛粪黄土吸附BPA的影响不明显.研究显示,施加牛粪等腐熟肥可能导致BPA的吸附行为发生改变.      

秸秆生物炭对双氯芬酸钠的吸附性能研究

利用廉价的农业废弃物稻草秸秆,通过磷酸氢二铵（（NH₄）₂HPO₄）活化制备得到秸秆生物炭（SBC）,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积分析（BET）、红外光谱（FTIR）等手段对其进行表征.研究了SBC对双氯芬酸钠（DCF）的吸附去除,并探讨了吸附时间、SBC投加量、pH值、阴离子浓度对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,当SBC投加量为0.3g/L时,DCF浓度为0.05mmol/L,60min后吸附量达到平衡;pH值范围在5.00~9.00时,SBC对DCF的吸附量去除率随着pH值的增加而减少;Cl^-、SO₄^2-和HCO₃^-对吸附过程的影响不大.拟合结果表明,SBC对DCF的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线.经Langmuir等温线模型计算理论最大吸附量为277.78mg/g（pH=7.00,T=20℃）.热力学参数表明SBC对DCF的吸附是自发吸热过程.同活性炭和碳纳米管相比,SBC对DCF的吸附效果更好.     

泰乐菌素在华南地区农业土壤上的吸附动力学和热力学特性

为了研究抗生素在华南地区农业环境中的行为特征,采用批平衡试验研究了泰乐菌素在华南地区典型农业土壤上的吸附动力学和热力学特性. 结果表明:泰乐菌素的吸附与土壤的pH呈负相关,与w(OC)没有明显的相关性;泰乐菌素的吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附速率可能主要由颗粒间扩散过程控制;吸附是自发进行的吸热过程. 研究显示,泰乐菌素易在南亚热带农业土壤中残留,应当重视其潜在的环境风险.      

小麦秸秆生物碳质吸附剂从水中吸附硝基苯的机理

在炭化温度为300℃下,以小麦秸秆为材料制备生物碳质吸附剂,采用批量平衡试验,研究了其对水中硝基苯的吸附特性,并从动力学及热力学角度探讨其吸附硝基苯的作用机理.结果表明,硝基苯在生物碳质上的吸附过程符合拉格朗日假二级动力学方程,反应活化能为12.2 kJ/mol;吸附行为可用Freundlich吸附等温方程描述,饱和吸附容量为91.58 mg/g.由吸附热力学方程计算得到的等量吸附焓变(ΔH)<0,吸附自由能变(ΔG)<0,吸附熵变(ΔS)>0,表明生物碳质对硝基苯的吸附为放热和熵减少的自发过程.      

Biosorption of Cr（VI） by carbonized Eupatorium adenophorum and Buckwheat straw： thermodynamics and mechanism

High quality and low cost carbon can be prepared from Eupatorium adenophorum （E. adenophorum） and Buckwheat straw. The biosorbent was used for Cr（VI） removal. The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, sorbent dosage and temperature were examined and the optimal experimental condition was determned. Solution pH is found influencing the adsorp- tion. Cr（VI） removal efficiency is found to be maximum （98%） at pH= 1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. The adsorption data obtained agreed well with the Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr（VI） ranged from 46.23 to 55.19mg.g^-1 for temperature between 298 K and 308 K under the condition of pH = 1.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change （AG）, enthalpy （AH） and entropy （AS） indicate a spontaneous, endothermic and increased randomness nature of Cr（VI） adsorption. Studies found that the raw E. adenophorum and buckwheat straw mixed materials with simple treatment had a high efficiency for the removal of Cr（VI） and would be a promising adsorbent.     

STATUS REPORT ON HEAT STORAGE WELLS1

ABSTRACT. The Heat Storage Well concept evolved at TEMPO in 1972. Technical, economic, institutional, and legal aspects of implementing the concept are being studied. Heat Storage Wells offer the possibility of conserving a substantial part of the heat energy now wasted in generating electricity and of reducing thermal pollution caused by the waste heat. Large thermal electric power plants would produce heat at useful temperatures such as 300–400°F. Combined electric- and heat-generating systems will require low-cost, low-loss storage of large amounts of hot water for periods of 90 to 180 days to serve both electric loads and seasonally-varying heat loads. Compared to conventional electricity-only systems, combined electricity-heat systems can save more than 20 percent in energy, reduce the cost of both electricity and heat, and eliminate the need for cooling water or towers. Possibilities for changes in legal and institutional practices are suggested, such as making resource-allocation decisions on the basis of energy units rather than dollars.     

湿法处理工业废渣热力学分析

根据冶金，煤炭及无机化工工业类废渣的物理化学性质，通过Ｍ＾ｎ＋ ｅ－Ｈ２Ｏ系和Ｍ＾ｎ＋ｅ－Ｆ＾－Ｈ２Ｏ系热力学平衡图，对废渣中硅，铝，铁及钙镁等主要矿物的溶出热力学行为进行了分析。     

Application of activated carbon derived from scrap tires for adsorption of Rhodamine B

Activated carbon derived from solid hazardous waste scrap tires was evaluated as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal. The adsorption process with respect to operating parameters was investigated to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the activated pyrolytic tire char (APTC) for Rhodamine B (RhB). Systematic research including equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies was performed. The results showed that APTC was a potential adsorbent for RhB with a higher adsorption capacity than most adsorbents. Solution pH and temperature exert significant influence while ionic strength showed little e ect on the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium data obey Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process followed intra-particle di usion model with more than one process a ecting the adsorption process. Thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption was a physisorption process with spontaneous, endothermic and random characteristics.     

明胶固化硫脲微粒对Ag~+的吸附及其热力学研究

以明胶和硫脲为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,采用反相悬浮聚合得到了明胶固化硫脲微粒(TIGM),研究了其对水溶液中Ag+的静态吸附分离及热力学性质。结果表明,TIGM对Ag+吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,且Ag+在微粒吸附过程中表现为优惠吸附。Freundlich吸附等温线和热力学研究表明,在283～323K条件下,Ag+吸附量为0.07～0.10mmol/g时,反应的吸附焓变为28.42～31.73kJ/mol,表明该吸附反应是吸热过程,升高温度有利于反应的进行;吸附自由能变为负值,表明常温下该吸附是自发的过程;吸附熵变为111.14～129.70J/mol·K,表明该吸附是个熵增的过程。     

凹凸棒石/氧化锌纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用化学沉淀法在凹凸棒石的表面负载纳米氧化锌合成了凹凸棒石/氧化锌(ATP/ZnO)纳米复合材料.同时,研究了亚甲基蓝在纳米复合材料上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理.吸附实验表明:纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝有优异的吸附能力;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量可达110.50mg·g-1,吸附焓变为18.69kJ·mol-1,吸附自由能变为-33.06～-22.74kJ·mol-1,吸附熵变约为146J.mol-1.K-1,是一个自发的吸热过程;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,速率常数随着溶液初始浓度的提高而下降.