航空煤油薄油层燃烧特性实验研究

为研究薄油层燃烧特性,开展航空煤油薄层油池火实验,分析油品燃烧的整个过程、燃烧速率、火焰高度和辐射反馈等参数随时间的变化规律。结果表明:整个薄层燃烧过程除发展、稳定和熄灭阶段外,还存在薄层燃烧衰减阶段。稳定阶段的燃烧速率与初始油层厚度相关,但随着厚度的增加其逐渐趋于稳定;薄层燃烧衰减阶段,燃烧速率会随着实时油层厚度的下降逐渐降低。对比火焰高度的实测值和模型预测值发现,Heskestad模型的预测更接近实际结果;燃烧发展阶段后,火焰辐射反馈基本维持稳定,受初始厚度的影响较小,但辐射透射强度会随着油层厚度的降低而增加,且增速逐渐加快,表明辐射透射在薄层燃烧衰退阶段中起到关键作用。结合辐射透射的变化规律,将辐射反馈分为可吸收和不可吸收2部分,并提出用于预测辐射透射大小的经验模型。     

薄膜负载型TiO_2光催化降解乙酸

利用TiCl_4水解法在玻璃表面制备纳米TiO_2光催化膜,考察了TiO_2光催化膜对乙酸光催化降解过程的影响因素.实验结果表明:使用活化温度为460℃、镀膜4次、表面积168 cm~2的TiO_2光催化膜处理500 mL0.667 mmoL/L的乙酸350 min时,乙酸降解率为80.0%,与等量TiO_2粉末相比光催化膜活性显著增加;当乙酸初始浓度c_0小于0.667 mmoL/L时,光催化降解过程可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程来描述;TiO_2膜连续使用5次(30 h)时的光催化活性基本不变;用质量分数为5%的HCl溶液浸泡失去活性的光催化膜1 h,TiO_2光催化膜的活性可完全恢复.     

Numerical studies on the thermal regimes of the horizontal tube falling film evaporation under varying feeder height

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses about the effect of feeder height and heat flux on the heat transfer characteristics of horizontal tube falling film evaporation in the thermal regimes. In order to investigate this, a two- dimensional CFD model was developed to perform simulation and results were compared and validated with published data available in the literature. Heat transfer co-efficients in the thermal regimes were determined from the CFD simulation and the results were recorded, analyzed and validated with the mathematical models available in the literature. The novelty of the current study is to predict the commencement of the fully developed thermal region over the tube from the simulation model under varying feeder height and heat flux. An effort was also made to measure the liquid film thickness around the tube from the CFD model in the thermal regimes. It is observed that angle of thermally developing region contracts and fully developed thermal region extends with the increase of the feeder height and heat flux. It is observed from the study that increase of heat flux by 10 kW/m² resulted in increase of heat transfer co-efficient value by 10–12% average in thermally developing region and 12–15% average in fully developed region. Thinnest liquid film thickness observed between 85 and 127°angle. Shifting of thinnest region of liquid film upward from the mid tube with the increase of the feeder height and heat flux is noted.     

深孔预裂爆破技术在大倾角薄煤层中的应用

介绍了深孔预裂爆破技术的工艺流程及现场试验情况.研究表明,在大倾角薄煤层应用深孔预裂爆破技术,可有效地消除激发突出的应力和煤体结构的不均匀性,提高煤体强度和煤层透气性,明显提高瓦斯的抽采效果,有效预防和消除在掘进过程中煤与瓦斯突出的危险性,且提高巷道掘进速度2-3倍.     

阳极化对SP700钛合金/2A12铝合金偶对电偶腐蚀影响研究

目的 研究阳极化处理对SP700钛合金与2A12铝合金电偶对的腐蚀行为和机理的影响。方法 采用电化学极化曲线测试法对阳极氧化处理前后的SP700钛合金的耐蚀性能进行初步研究,并以此作为边界条件,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,对不同状态的SP700钛合金与2A12铝合金组成的偶对电偶腐蚀情况进行模拟计算。同时,开展电偶对的电偶腐蚀试验,对模拟结果进行验证。此外,通过对电偶腐蚀后的试件表面微观形貌进行表征,进一步分析不同电偶对的腐蚀规律差异。结果 SP700钛合金阳极氧化前的自腐蚀电位为‒283 mV,腐蚀电流密度为6.164×10^‒9 A/cm²;氧化后的自腐蚀电位为‒270 mV,腐蚀电流密度为8.589×10^‒10 A/cm²。SP700钛合金阳极氧化前与2A12铝合金的试验和仿真平均电偶电流密度分别为6.81、6.76 μA/cm²;SP700钛合金阳极氧化后与2A12铝合金的试验和仿真平均电偶电流密度分别为2.58、2.54 μA/cm²。结论 SP700钛合金表面阳极化处理可有效降低与铝合金之间电偶腐蚀的敏感性。     

Bi_2MoO_6薄膜电极光电催化氧化处理氰化物的研究

本文采用非晶态配合物法及浸渍提拉法在导电玻璃基底上制备了Bi2MoO6薄膜电极,采用此电极在可见光(λ420 nm)照射下进行了光电催化氧化处理氰化物的研究.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对电极的晶体结构进行了表征,发现导电玻璃基底上充分而平均地覆盖着黄色的纳米Bi2MoO6颗粒,形成了γ-Bi2MoO6相.在Bi2MoO6电极处理络合态氰化物Cu(CN)2-3实验中,总氰化物的去除率和Cu的回收率大致是随着电压的升高而增大,当电压为2.0 V,反应时间为120 min时,处理效果最好,剩余总氰化物和Cu的含量分别为30%和35%.破络合后的Cu2+一部分以Cu(Ⅱ)形式沉积在阳极上,一部分转化为Cu单质沉积在阴极上.在Bi2MoO6电极处理自由态氰化物NaCN实验中,总氰化物的去除率大致也是随着电压的升高而增大,当电压为2.0 V,反应时间为120 min时,剩余总氰化物含量为5%.     

Study on the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO2 film deposited with different N2 flow rates by DCPMS

N doped TiO₂ films were deposited by direct current pulse magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. By using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope, we studied the influence of N₂ flow rate on the optical property and surface morphology of films. The results indicate that the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO₂ film was dominated by the N₂ flow rate. The mean absorbency in visible range of pure TiO₂ films is near to 0%, which means that the pure TiO₂ could hardly display the photocatalytic property in visible range. When N₂ flow rate is 2 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film could reach at 24%. In this case, the film could be used as photocatalyst induced by visible light. While with increasing N₂ flow rate, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased abruptly. Especially when N₂ flow rate exceeded 8 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased to about 0%, which is like pure TiO₂ fimls.     

催化氧化除氨氮/锰技术在滤池改造中的应用研究

西安市某地下水源水厂石英砂滤池中滤料表面形成的氧化膜催化活性很低,基本不具备去除铁、锰、氨氮的能力,出水安全隐患较高,因此在中试滤柱系统中评价了石英砂滤料除铁（Fe²⁺）、锰（Mn²⁺）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）效能,并进行活性滤料的性能优化.在此基础上,在水厂原有石英砂滤池中进行活性滤料的原位制备.结果表明,水厂石英砂滤料基本不具备去除Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺、NH₄⁺-N能力.在中试滤柱系统中,经过3d挂膜,低浓度Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺、NH₄⁺-N的去除率均可达93%以上.在滤池中进行原位改造后,进水NH₄⁺-N浓度为（0.3±0.05） mg/L时,去除率由28%提高到90%,进水Mn²⁺浓度为（0.3±0.05） mg/L时,去除率由50%提高到80%.进一步分析滤料表征发现,改造后滤料形貌和结构均发生了改变.XRD分析结果表明,改造后滤料产生了新峰,证明了滤料具备了活性.改造后可满足案例水厂净水安全的需要,具有较高的实用价值.     

水平-竖直管降膜多效蒸发高盐废水处理系统

为克服现有的高盐废水多效蒸发能耗高的问题,提出了水平-竖直管降膜多效蒸发高盐废水处理系统。工艺流程的原理分析和工程实例计算证明,利用竖管降膜蒸发器生成的二次蒸汽作为水平管降膜多效蒸发系统的加热蒸汽,使废水在水平管降膜蒸发器内浓缩,可大幅度降低在竖管降膜蒸发系统内进行蒸发结晶的废水量,从而减少废水蒸发消耗的高温高压蒸汽量,因此该技术是具有发展前景的高盐废水处理节能新技术。     

火灾场景中细水雾幕对玻璃保护效果实验研究

在火灾环境中,玻璃极易受到过量热流的影响而发生破裂,从而增加火灾房间的通风,导致火势急剧增长,甚至跨区域蔓延。研究防止玻璃在火灾条件下破裂与脱落技术手段对火灾防控具有重要意义。基于此,提出了一种采用细水雾幕阻隔火焰热辐射保护玻璃的方法。实验通过改变细水雾幕工作压力及其在火灾不同阶段的启动,并与传统水膜法进行对比,研究各工况下的保护效果。结果发现火源与保护装置同时启动,细水雾幕与水膜都可以将玻璃首次破裂时间延长。流量为0.38 L/min时,在细水雾幕保护下玻璃首次破裂时间比水膜保护下延长361 s。细水雾幕工作压力越大,保护效果越好,但当压力超过1.0 MPa持续提高细水雾幕压力,保护效果变化不明显。当延迟到玻璃表面温度达到90℃时,启动这两种保护装置,细水雾幕对窗玻璃保护效果不受影响,但水膜法玻璃首次破裂时间会缩短。