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排序方式: 共有668条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
611.
我国的排污权交易已经在部分城市实施,虽然有成功的案例,但是这种政策有其不完全合理性:其一,应用于新项目是不合理的;其二应用于原有项目是不合法但是合理的. 相似文献
612.
唐山市空气污染物的时间变化规律分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用MicrosoftExcel,对唐山市空气质量连续监测系统的一个点位全年数据进行日变化规律的统计分析。通过对各时段日变化规律的分析,得出①冬季燃煤量的增大不是影响PM10浓度变化的主要因素;②全年各时段燃煤量的变化是影响SO2的浓度变化的主要因素,因此消减潜力较大;③汽车保有量的快速增长对NO2浓度变化影响很大,同时对PM10浓度的变化也有一定影响。 相似文献
613.
基于UTECC的城市机动车总量控制研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着我国城市机动车保有量的快速增长 ,由其使用而产生的大气污染、资源 /能源短缺等问题日渐突出 ,对城市生态环境质量、资源 /能源安全产生了重大影响。基于城市交通环境承载力理论 ,创造性地提出以资源环境的客观约束进行城市机动车总量控制 ,为实现城市交通的可持续发展提供了一条新思路 ;结合北京市的实际情况 ,尝试应用标准车型折算法 ,并以氮氧化合物为控制对象 ,进行了机动车污染承载力的测算研究 ,为下一步的实际应用奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
614.
落煤残存瓦斯量的确定是采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量预测的重要环节,它直接影响着采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量预测的精度,并与煤的变质程度、落煤粒度,原始瓦斯含量、暴露时间等影响因素呈非线性关系,人工神经网络具有表示任意非线性关系和学习的能力,是解决复杂非线性,不确定性和时变性问题的新思想和新方法,基于此,作提出自适应神经网络的落煤残丰瓦斯量预测模型,并结合不同矿井落煤残存瓦斯量的实际测定结果进行验证研究,结果表明,自适应调整权值的变步长BP神经网络模型预测精度高,收敛速度快,该预测模型的应用可为采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量的动态预测提供可靠的基础数据,为采掘工作面落煤残存瓦斯量的确定提出了一种全新的方法和思路。 相似文献
615.
616.
Richard W. McDowell Andrew N. Sharpley Peter J. A. Kleinman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(2):479-491
ABSTRACT: The persistence of water quality problems has directed attention towards the reduction of agricultural nonpoint sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). We assessed the practical impact of three management scenarios to reduce P and N losses from a mixed land use watershed in central Pennsylvania, USA. Using Scenario 1 (an agronomic soil P threshold of 100 mg Mehlich‐3 P kg‐1, above which no crop response is expected), 81 percent of our watershed would receive no P as fertilizer or manure. Under Scenario 2 (an environmental soil P threshold of 195 mg Mehlich‐3 P kg‐1, above which the loss of P in surface runoff and subsurface drainage increases greatly), restricts future P inputs in only 51 percent of the watershed. Finally, using scenario 3 (P and N indices that account for likely source and transport risks), 25 percent of the watershed was at high risk or greater of P loss, while 60 percent of the watershed was classified as of high risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching. Areas at risk of P loss were near the stream channel, while areas at risk of NO3 leaching were near the boundaries of the watershed, where freely draining soils and high manure and fertilizer N applications coincide. Remedial measures to minimize P export should focus on critical source areas, while remedial measures to reduce N losses should be source based, concentrating on more efficient use of N by crops. 相似文献
617.
Charles G. Hanlon R. L. Miller B. F. McPherson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(4):951-961
ABSTRACT: Relationships between wind velocity and the vertical light attenuation coefficient (K0) were determined at two locations in a large, shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). K0 was significantly correlated with antecedent wind conditions, which explained as much as 90 percent of the daily variation in K0. Sub-surface irradiance began to change within 60 to 90 minutes of the time when wind velocity exceeded or dropped below a threshold value. Maximum one hour changes in K0 were > 50 percent, however, 20 to 30 percent changes were more common. The magnitude of change in K0 varied spatially based on differences in sediment type. K0 never exceeded 2.8 at a location where bottom sediments were dominated by a mixture of coarse sand and shells. In comparison, K0 exceeded 9 during episodic wind events where the bottom sediment was comprised of fine grain mud. Underwater irradiance data can be used to determine threshold wind velocity and account for the influence sediment type has on K0. Once a threshold velocity has been established, the frequency, rate, and duration of expected change in underwater irradiance can be evaluated. This is critical information for scientists who are studying algal productivity or other light-related phenomena. 相似文献
618.
循环冷却水系统中普遍存在结垢腐蚀现象,目前常用的解决方法是在系统中加入缓蚀阻垢药剂,臭氧(O3)对循环水冷却系统同时具备阻垢、缓蚀、杀菌等多重功能。采用臭氧处理中温循环冷却水,研究在不同臭氧投加量时系统的腐蚀情况,确定最佳投加量。结果表明:当臭氧投加量为4.5 mg/L时,20碳钢和铸铁的缓蚀能力最佳。20碳钢腐蚀率最低为0.228 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了75%;铸铁的最低腐蚀率为0.282 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了61.5%。当臭氧投加量为9.0 mg/L时,镀锌试片的腐蚀率在0.206~0.275 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了38.2%左右,缓蚀效果较为明显。 相似文献
619.
Jialu SHI Shengnan YI Chao LONG Aimin LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):840
In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) were immobilized within a chelating resin (DOW 3N). To investigate the effect of Fe loading on NZVI reactivity, three NZVI-resin composites with different Fe loading were obtained by preparing Fe(III) solution in 0, 30 and 70% (v/v) ethanol aqueous, respectively; the bromate was used as a model contaminant. TEM reveals that increasing the Fe loading resulted in much larger size and poor dispersion of nanoscale iron particles. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of bromate and the rate constant (Kobs) were decreased with increasing the Fe loading. For the NZVI-resin composite with lower Fe loading, the removal efficiency of bromate declined more significantly with the increase of DO concentrations. Under acidic conditions, decreasing the pH value had the most significant influence on NZVI-R3 with highest Fe loading for bromate removal; however, under alkaline conditions, the most significant influence of pH was on NZVI-R1 with lowest Fe loading. The effects of co-existing anions N O 3 − , P O 4 3 − and H C O 3 − were also investigated. All of the co-existing anions showed the inhibition to bromate reduction. 相似文献
620.