介质阻挡放电等离子体降解高浓度甲苯

为解决喷漆和涂装废气中VOCs的污染,采用同轴圆管式介质阻挡反应器进行低温等离子体降解高浓度甲苯探索,研究了反应器参数（放电间距、放电长度）、操作参数（初始甲苯浓度、气体流量、输入功率）等关键参数对甲苯转化率和产物CO2选择性的影响。结果表明：放电间距过大或者过小都不利于甲苯的降解,放电长度的增加对其影响相对较小;输入功率越大,甲苯的降解效果越好,并且反应产物中臭氧的浓度越低,但气体流量及初始甲苯浓度的增加不利于甲苯的降解。最后对产物进行GC-MS检测,分析了甲苯降解机理。     

乙氰菊酯对草履虫的毒性

乙氰菊酯是一种新型菊酯类杀虫剂．以甲苯为助溶剂的水溶液，对草履虫的半致死浓度为１６．３ｍｇ／ｌ；以丙酮为助溶剂的水溶液对草履虫的半致死浓度为２４．０ｍＧ／ｌ。建议在实际应用乙氰菊酯农药时以丙酮代替甲苯做助溶剂为好。     

Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

低温等离子体处理恶臭废气研究

用低温等离子处理恶臭气是一门新兴的技术。通过对典型的恶臭物质硫化氢、乙硫醇、苯、甲苯等恶臭物质的低温等离子脱除试验,结果表明:采用电晕放电形式的低温等离子体处理恶臭废气是可行的,停留时间越长、电压越高脱除效果越好,当停留时间>9s,电压>20kV时恶臭物质的去除率基本>90%,进一步延长停留时间和升高电压,去除效率并不会大幅度提高。低浓度的烷烃背景气体对恶臭的脱除效率基本无影响,高浓度的烷烃背景气体使恶臭物的脱除效率下降,较高浓度氢气的存在也会降低恶臭物的脱除效率,而氧气浓度的提高可以显著提高硫化氢脱除率。     

低浓度甲苯在固定床活性炭上的吸附及其数值模拟

对气体中低浓度甲苯在固定床活性炭上的吸附作了系统研究,测定了甲苯－空气活性炭系统的吸附等温线以Φ２６０×１４０ｍｍ活性炭固定床的穿透曲线,并在低浓度范围建立了固定床活性炭吸附甲苯数学模型。计算结果与实验结合吻合良好,所建模型可用于预测其它条件下的穿透曲线。     

模拟地下水环境微生物降解甲苯的研究

采集某加油站附近的土样，进行富集、培养、分离纯化，获得一系列降解甲苯的菌株，选择了出降解率最高的菌株进行诱变，再筛选出降解特效菌株，并模拟地下水环境进行驯化。菌株在12d内对甲苯的降解率达到93．5％。利用渗流槽模拟扩大降解实验，第11天甲苯的降解率达87．3％，第15天达到95．2％，证明该菌株是一种能够有效降解地下水中甲苯的菌株。     

Incident investigation of mono-nitro toluene still explosion

At one of the nitro-toluene facilities, an o-nitro toluene still was in standby mode. During the standby mode feed to the still had been stopped, the column was not de-inventoried, steam flow to the reboiler was not shut off and the condenser was on total reflux. After 22 days of standby mode, steam was shut off for 5 days for annual plant maintenance. Eight days after the re-start of steam, the still exploded, hurling debris as far as one mile. The internal packing was expelled from the column and landed on the ground burning. The incident was investigated to establish the contributing factors leading to explosion. Accelerating Rate Calorimetery was extensively used to determine the onset temperature for exothermic activity in the presence/absence of a number of materials to establish the underlying cause of the accident. It was found that foulant collected in the column over a period of years accelerated the ’runaway reaction’.     

石化污泥对苯系化合物好氧生物降解的研究

为了探讨苯系化合物的生物降解途径,选用从石油化工污水处理场曝气池活性污泥中富集的混合菌种,在好氧条件下,研究了苯,甲苯,乙基苯,邻－,间－和对二甲苯的可生物降解性,当化合物的浓度为５０－１４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,６种被试验化合物均可被微生物降解,从该混合菌种中筛选出１７株可降解甲苯,乙基苯,三甲苯,障－和对二甲苯的单一菌种,其中     

反硝化真菌-细菌优化组合及其脱氮能力研究

从多种真菌中筛选到3株脱氮活性较高的真菌,并将其与一株从武汉市郊新筛选分离到的具有较强脱氮能力的细菌HS-03进行混和培养,通过正交实验确立其最佳培养条件。正交实验方差分析表明:碳源、pH值和温度3个因素对脱氮率的影响都非常显著,菌种因素对脱氮率有一定影响。实验结果表明,真菌与细菌混合脱氮的最佳培养条件为:以琥珀酸钠为碳源,NaNO3为N源,C/N为10,pH=7.5,温度30℃。细菌HS-03和真菌Fusariumoxyspurum的组合优于其它组合。在最佳培养条件下,该组合能在21h内去除10mmolNO3-,优于相同条件下细菌HS-03或真菌F.oxyspurum的反硝化能力。     

盆栽植物净化甲苯废气

采用动态模拟法模拟盆栽植物对甲苯污染气体的净化,考察吊兰和金绿萝两种盆栽植物在净化甲苯过程中,甲苯入口浓度与植物对甲苯净化速率的关系。结果表明,2种盆栽植物对低浓度甲苯废气具有长期明显的净化效果。在相同条件下,吊兰茎叶和土壤的净化速率优于金绿萝体系。在植物的耐受浓度范围内,2种植物茎叶和土壤的净化速率均随着甲苯入口浓度的升高而增大,且白天的净化速率明显高于黑夜时的净化速率。在实验过程中,吊兰土壤体系的降解率随着甲苯浓度的升高逐渐下降;金绿萝土壤体系的降解率基本不受甲苯入口浓度的影响。吊兰盆栽体系的降解率明显大于金绿萝的降解率。两种植物盆栽体系的降解率随甲苯进口浓度的影响可以忽略。