Adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid(SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8.     

华南地区高山酸沉降化学研究

1987—1989年春季,在华南地区衡山、狮子山、苗儿山和白云山观测到华南高山降水酸化,各测点降水pH<5.6的频率大于68％,平均pH值在3.56—4.85之间,分析了高山降水的化学特征,及其与高山的地理环境等因素的关系.结果表明,高山雨水与高空云水有相似性,狮子山和白云山的云雾水主要属地形云,受局地源的影响更为严重,化学性质更接近于地面雨水.     

镉铅在粘土上的吸附及受腐殖酸的影响

试验研究了镉和铅2种重金属在蒙脱土和高岭土上的吸附,以及外加腐殖酸的3种组分（富里酸、棕色胡敏酸和灰色胡敏酸）的影响。镉铅在粘土上的吸附随着介质pH的升高而增加。在pH4-8范围内的任意pH点,镉在高岭土上的吸附量因富里酸而降低,因2种胡敏酸而升高;当pH值高于6时,吸附量急剧增加。外加富里酸使得铅在粘土上的吸附在pH＞6时意外出现随着介质pH而降低的趋势。     

煤矸石酸雨淋滤特征的研究

本文对重庆中梁山煤矸石在自然酸度和模拟酸雨下静态态及动态淋溶特征进行了研究。结果表明,淋出液成弱碱性,其中的铅、锌、铬、镍、铜和铁等元素的浓度均超过了水综合排放标准和地面水环境质量标准规定的阈值;在模拟酸雨中上述离子的溶出能力强于在于蒸溜水中;温度升高时各元素及总离子的淋出量增大。     

草酸浸取废SCR催化剂制备光催化剂

采用草酸浸取废SCR催化剂,得到钛钨粉,制备Bi₂WO₆/钛钨粉复合光催化剂,考察了其对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能。制备光催化剂的优化工艺条件为：采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,n（Bi₂WO₆）∶n（钛钨粉）=2∶1,前驱液pH为5,水热反应时间为18 h。在此条件下制备的光催化剂在可见光下降解罗丹明B,反应 60 min,罗丹明B降解率达94.30%。表征结果显示：钛钨粉小颗粒散落在Bi₂WO₆片表面,为光催化反应提供了更多的活性位点;Bi₂WO₆和钛钨粉两者结合可提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率,进而提高催化剂的光催化活性。Bi₂WO₆/钛钨粉光催化剂对罗丹明 B 的降解符合一级反应动力学规律。     

对氨基苯胂酸的生命周期评价

本文介绍了最常用的有机胂制剂——对氨基苯胂酸的主要用途和污染特征,从生命周期的角度识别并定量评价了其生产、使用和残留过程的环境影响,评价结果表明对氨基苯胂酸在土壤中最终残留的环境骰响占其整个生命周期的99％以上,指出了常规环境影响评价在评价其环境污染上的局限性,据此提出逐步减少或禁止有机胂制剂的生产和使用、并在一些特殊的建设项目环境影响评价中推广生命周期评价的建议。     

关于汽车内饰塑料件气候交变试验的分析

通过对高温条件、低温条件、温湿条件的试验机理进行分析,对气候交变试验标准的合理性提出了质疑,并给出一种对比验证的方法进行验证,以期规范和有机统一不同的气候交变试验标准。另外还探讨了气候交变试验在验证产品生命周期上的意义以及气候交变试验与功能试验结合的必要性。     

Effects of Acid Rain on Competitive Releases of Cd, Cu, and Zn from Two Natural Soils and Two Contaminated Soils in Hunan, China

Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO₄ ²⁻, exchangeable Al³⁺ and H⁺, and contents of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃.     

中央—地区二元结构的煤炭城市可持续发展战略选择与路径

煤炭在未来相当长的时间内仍是我国的基本能源。构建了中央—地区二元结构的煤炭城市可持续发展战略匹配集,根据煤炭资源的开采程度将煤炭城市分成幼年期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期四个阶段,基于三维综合判断对不同阶段的煤炭城市提出了不同的战略选择,明晰了不同发展战略的战略目标及发展的支持性政策措施。     

共沸-分馏连续操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水

为了降低环己醇、环己酮生产装置产生的含甲酸废水的COD,使其达到排放标准,降低废水排放量,减少环境污染的目的,根据共沸-分馏间歇操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水研究获得的工艺参数,采用共沸-分馏连续操作处理该酸性废水,并从中回收甲酸。介绍了共沸-分馏连续操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水的工艺过程、操作方法,给出了共沸-分馏连续操作处理该废水并回收甲酸的实验数据,完成了间歇操作改连续操作过程的工艺研究,研究结论为进一步工业化生产装置设计奠定了基础。通过研究得出,采用共沸-分馏连续操作处理该酸性废水,废水的COD由1.6×105mg/L降至3.0×102mg/L以下,达此标准水为80%以上,废水的COD去除率达到99%以上,甲酸回收率80%,连续操作实验结果优于间歇操作。