Effects of traffic noise on tree frog stress levels,immunity, and color signaling

During the last decade, many studies have focused on the detrimental effects of noise pollution on acoustic communication. Surprisingly, although it is known that noise exposure strongly influences health in humans, studies on wildlife remain scarce. In order to gain insight into the consequences of traffic noise exposure, we experimentally manipulated traffic noise exposure as well as the endocrine status of animals to investigate physiological and phenotypic consequences of noise pollution in an anuran species. We showed that noise exposure increased stress hormone level and induced an immunosuppressive effect. In addition, both traffic noise exposure and stress hormone application negatively impacted H. arborea vocal sac coloration. Moreover, our results suggest profound changes in sexual selection processes because the best quality males with initial attractive vocal sac coloration were the most impacted by noise. Hence, our study suggests that the recent increases in anthropogenic noise worldwide might affect a broader range of animal species than previously thought, because of alteration of visual signals and immunity. Generalizing these results to other taxa is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity in an increasingly noisy world.     

基于PHA-LEC法的建筑工程项目安全评价问题研究

建筑工程项目现场条件复杂,各工种交叉作业,极易产生安全事故。本文结合预先危险分析方法(PHA)和作业条件危险性评价方法(LEC)对建筑工程项目的安全评价问题展开研究。首先是从指标量化和危险性等级多重约束分级的角度改进了PHA-LEC方法,并引入POSE四维度分析方法来辅助解决PHA-LEC改进方法中包括参数取值和计算规则在内的三个核心问题。随后,本文设计了基于PHA-LEC改进方法的建筑工程项目安全评价流程,提出要加强基础数据的收集和危险源数据库标准化建设工作。最后就该安全评价流程的应用提出了三点建议,以加强建筑工程项目安全评价工作的效率和有效性。     

Competency requirements for process hazard analysis (PHA) teams

Process hazard analysis (PHA) is a cornerstone of process safety management programs. The quality of the PHA performed directly affects the level of risk tolerated for a process. The lower the quality of a PHA, the more likely higher risk will be tolerated. There are few requirements for PHA team members in the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's process safety management regulations. More detailed requirements for participation in a PHA are desirable.A competency management program should be used to ensure PHA practitioners and teams are appropriately qualified. Criteria for selecting PHA team leaders, or facilitators, and other team members are key to such a program and are described in this paper. The criteria cover both technical and personal attributes. Application of the criteria is described and team performance metrics, which can be used to correlate performance with the assessment of competency to validate the criteria and methods used, are discussed.Owing to the importance of the role played by team leaders, certification of their competency is desirable. Criteria for certification are described and their application is discussed.     

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate by Gamma proteobacterium WD-3 from volatile fatty acids

The production of copolymers of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is generally a high cost process. To reduce the production costs, inexpensive carbon sources such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acidified wastewater can be used. Therefore, isolation of bacterial strains that can produce PHA copolymers using VFAs as a sole carbon source would be a beneficial alternative. In this study, a strain of PHA accumulating bacterium was isolated from the wastewater treatment plant of a soybean processing facility in Harbin. The strain was identified as γ-proteobacterium according to its 16S rDNA information and was originally named as strain WD-3. The strain accumulated a mass of PHA up to 45% of its dry cell weight when it was cultured under the optimum fermentation condition in this study when butyrate was used as the carbon source. In addition, WD-3 could synthesize PHA copolymers of poly-hydroxybutyrate and poly-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) either from C-even substrates or from C-odd substrates, and one-third of the copolymer was PHV. Results from this study demonstrated that small molecule organic acids can be used by the strain of WD-3 as the carbon source for growth and PHA production. The maximum PHA yield in the study was 0.45 g g⁻¹ dry cell.     

GDS三轴仪的非饱和土试验操作方法

与传统三轴仪相比,GDS三轴仪有着显著的优势。对GDS三轴仪的组成部分、工作原理和试验过程中的具体操作进行了详细介绍,并应用GDS三轴仪研究了某高心墙堆石坝非饱和土填料的强度特征,得到了该土样的抗剪强度参数。     

Sorption–desorption of indaziflam and its three metabolites in sandy soils

Indaziflam is a relatively new herbicide for which sorption–desorption information is lacking, and nothing is available on its metabolites. Information is needed on the multiple soil and pesticide characteristics known to influence these processes. For four soils, the order of sorption was indaziflam (N-[1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 5.9, 1/n_f = 0.7, K_foc = 447; sandy loam: K_f = 3.9, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 276) > triazine indanone metabolite (N-[(1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 2.1, 1/n_f = 0.8, K_foc = 177; sandy loam: K_f = 1.7, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 118) > fluoroethyldiaminotriazine metabolite (6-[(1R-1-Fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 28; sandy loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 22) = indaziflam carboxylic acid metabolite (2S,3R)-3-[[4-amino-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-indene-5-carboxylic acid) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 22; sandy loam: K_f = 0.5, 1/n_f = 0.8, K_foc = 32). The metabolites being more polar than the parent compound showed lower sorption. Desorption was hysteretic for indaziflam and triazine indanone metabolite, but not for the other two metabolites. Unsaturated transient flow K_d's were lower than batch K_d's for indaziflam, but similar for fluoroethyldiaminotriazine metabolite. Batch K_d's would overpredict potential offsite transport if desorption hysteresis is not taken into account.     

树脂基复合材料模拟海洋环境长期老化及失效行为

目的 实现高性能树脂基复合材料的环境适应性评价和使用寿命预测。方法 选取玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯(GF/197S)与玻璃纤维增强乙烯基脂(GF/905-2)2种树脂基轻质复合材料,开展模拟海洋环境实验室盐雾、湿热和盐水浸泡环境9 600 h的加速老化试验。基于4种力学性能(拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度及层间剪切强度)开展材料老化行为规律研究,利用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对树脂基体在3种加速老化环境中的分子链段与官能团变化情况进行分析,得到基体树脂的老化机理。利用外观、超声扫描成像、SEM分析树脂纤维界面的变化情况,明确树脂/纤维界面的失效模式。利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)与热重分析(TG)分析3种加速老化方式对玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRPC)的玻璃化转变温度(tg)与热质量损失的影响。结果 3种老化方式对树脂基体的老化影响顺序依次为70 ℃/95%RH湿热、35 ℃盐雾、常温盐水浸泡。结论 得到了先进轻质树脂基复合材料的模拟海洋环境老化行为、失效模式以及树脂基体的老化机理,为实现高性能树脂基复合材料的环境适应性评价和使用寿命预测奠定了基础。     

生产工艺过程危险、有害因素辨识方法

提出了采用"工艺生产过程危险、有害因素辨识表"来辨识危险、有害因素的方法.该方法基于PHA分析法,可用于安全预评价和现状评价中生产工艺过程危险、有害因素的辨识.文中引用国家标准归纳了危险、有害因素,利用分级赋值法对危险、有害因素进行了半定量分析,从而辨识出评价项目的主要危险、有害因素,提供了一种可进行半定量化计算的危险因素辨识方法.同时,分别示例应用该方法对一个半导体工厂进行安全预评价和对一个危险化学品生产企业进行安全现状评价.采用本方法进行评价的案例评价结果的合理性得到项目评审会专家的认同.该方法简便易行,为危险、有害因素的半定量化计算提供了可行的方法.     

Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Biosynthesis from Crude Alaskan Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Oil

Six strains of Pseudomonas were tested for their abilities to synthesize poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers from crude Pollock oil, a large volume byproduct of the Alaskan fishing industry. All six strains were found to produce PHA polymers from hydrolyzed Pollock oil with productivities (P; the percent of the cell mass that is polymer) ranging from 6 to 53% of the cell dry weight (CDW). Two strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-778 (P = 27%) and P. oleovorans NRRL B-14682 (P = 6%), synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with number average molecular weights (M_n) of 206,000 g/mol and 195,000 g/mol, respectively. Four strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-14683 (P = 52%), P. resinovorans NRRL B-2649 (P = 53%), P. corrugata 388 (P = 43%), and P. putida KT2442 (P = 39%), synthesized medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) polymers with M_n values ranging from 84,000 g/mol to 153,000 g/mol. All mcl-PHA polymers were primarily composed of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C_8:0) and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C_10:0) amounting to at least 75% of the total monomers present. Unsaturated monomers were also present in the mcl-PHA polymers at concentrations between 13% and 16%, providing loci for polymer derivatization and/or crosslinking. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

湿热处理餐厨废弃物不饱和脂肪酸

为了研究湿热水解技术对餐厨废弃物中脂类物质的影响,促进餐厨废弃物的资源化处理利用,通过实验研究,分析了餐厨废弃物固相中油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸4种不饱和脂肪酸在90～140℃湿热条件下处理随时间的变化规律。结果表明：实验所取餐厨废弃物经湿热处理后固相中油酸和亚油酸的含量相对较高,约为30％,花生四烯酸的含量较低,约为0．3％,随着加热时间延长,亚油酸在湿热环境下发生化学分解,其含量不断降低,而花生四烯酸的含量显著增加。当加热温度为100～120℃,加热时间为30-60min时,餐厨废弃物脂类含量比较稳定,作为适宜的湿热处理条件。值得注意的是,湿热处理后的餐厨废弃物中花生四烯酸的含量只约为0．3％,不能满足饲料标准中2％的要求。