东北三江平原土壤氧化CH4研究

三江平原土壤不同深度氧化大气浓度CH4和高浓度CH4的速率具有明显的垂直差异 .2个非淹水土壤整个剖面都具有氧化大气浓度CH4的潜力 ,以表层土的速率为最大 .非淹水的耕作土壤残留的有机质层仍保留了较强的氧化大气浓度CH4潜力 ,氧化CH4速率是耕作层的 2 0倍 .淹水土壤的大部分层次不具有氧化大气浓度CH4的潜力 .所有供试土壤均能消耗高浓度CH4,泥炭含量较高的土壤层次比矿质层氧化高浓度CH4的速率高     

A COMPARISON OF MODELS PREDICTING GROUND WATER LEVELS ON HILLSIDE SLOPES1

ABSTRACT: A comparative study of ground water level predictions on hillside slopes using two models is presented. The models are a simplified mass balance model that has components for evapotran-spiration, recharge, and drainage; and a two-dimensional finite difference model that employs kriging to estimate soil parameters and accounts for non-uniform thickness of the soil layer. These models are representative of a wide range of modeling capabilities and are used to illustrate the sensitivity of ground water level predictions to the sophistication of the modeling techniques. The drainage and recharge components of the two models are evaluated and the importance of unsaturated flow in recharge computations is underscored. Piezometric observations in a small drainage depression on the slope of Kennel Creek Valley in Tongass National Forest, Alaska, were used to evaluate the two models. The results show that, although the predictions differ from the field observations, the simple physically-based mass balance model predicts the ground water levels as well as the two-dimensional model. It is suggested that caution should be exercised in using complex models to validate simpler models.     

不饱和聚酯树脂生产废水治理技术

不饱和聚酯树脂生产废水CODCr高达 10 0 0 0 0mg/L ,pH为 1— 2 ,且排放无规律 ,处理难度大。采用先对缩聚废水进行蒸馏浓缩 ,再真空泵废水混合调质、降温、缺氧水解后 ,经高效的好氧生物处理工艺 (HCR)处理后与低浓度的冲洗水、生活废水混合 ,进行低负荷的生物接触氧化处理 ,出水CODCr稳定在 10 0mg/L以下。     

Accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid-co-4-hydroxyvaleric acid) by mutants and recombinant strains ofAlcaligenes eutrophus

Alcaligenes eutrophus accumulated a terpolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB), 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV), and 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4HV) during cultivation with 4HV as carbon and energy source under nitrogen starvation. The polyester accumulated by wild-type strains under these conditions contained 4HV at a molar fraction of approximately 5 mol% only. A catabolic pathway of 4HV was postulated, which included the activation of 4HV to 4HV-CoA and a conversion of 4HV-CoA to 3HV-CoA. Tn5::mob-induced mutants were isolated fromA. eutrophus HF39, which were affected in 4HV and/or valeric acid catabolism. Among 83 mutants were 27 4HV-negative or 4HV-leaky mutants; two mutants were identified which accumulated a terpolyester with a molar fraction of 10.1 to 22.7 mol% 4HV. In addition, a further increase in the molar fraction of 4HV in poly(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV) and a two- to fourfold increase in the PHA synthase activity were monitored in these mutants or others and also in HF39, if the cells were complemented with the hybrid plasmid pHP1014::PP1, which contained the PHA biosynthesis genes ofA. eutrophus H16. Application of mutagenesis plus recombinant DNA techniques resulted in the accumulation of a terpolyester with up to 30 mol% 4HV and with approximately equimolar fractions of 3HB, 3HV, and 4HV.     

戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程安全评价研究

为了提高戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程本质安全程度,辨识技改工程中存在的主要危险、有害因素;结合技改项目资料和现场调查,将该项目划分为10个评价单元;针对不同评价单元特点,分别采用安全检查表(SCL)、预先危险性分析(PHA)、事故树分析(FTA)和作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)等对该技改工程中的危险、有害因素进行了定性、定量评价;针对安全评价中出现的问题提出了切实可行的安全措施建议。     

非饱和红壤土降雨入渗室内模拟试验

以江西省域范围内典型红壤土为研究对象,利用自行研制开发的降雨模拟试验设备与渗透试验装置,设计了大雨工况下土体初始含水率、干密度、降雨累积时间及降雨后土体静置时间等对其渗透性影响的室内试验。试验结果显示,土体渗透性随初始含水率的升高逐渐降低,给出的宏观渗透系数公式定量化描述了不同初始含水率的可渗透性强弱程度;在初始含水率相对固定的情况下,土体渗透性随干密度的增大逐渐减小,且干密度增大到一定程度后其渗透性锐减,各水平之间的差异性不再明显;累积降雨时间会显著影响深部土体的渗透性,降雨历时越长,深部土体的含水率越高;雨水的在降雨过程停止后继续沿土体纵深入渗,致使表层含水率降低,深部含水率提高,含水率特征曲线趋向竖直。     

城市磁悬浮轨道交通系统安全问题研究

采用初步危害分析(PHA)方法,对磁悬浮城市轨道交通系统进行潜在安全事故分析。从人员、车辆、电气设备和线路等角度,列出各部分的危险源清单,及其产生的事故后果。针对各种主要的潜在危险和事故提出预防措施,建立并健全安全管理部门,同时采用先进的技术装备,保证系统安全运行。针对事故类型,制定专项应急救援预案,若一旦事故发生,则启动相应应急预案程序,减少人员伤亡和财产损失。为保证城市磁悬浮轨道交通系统的安全运行具有一定的参考价值。     

Cooperative breeding and immunity: a comparative study of PHA response in African birds

Cooperatively breeding birds might be expected to suffer from higher costs of parasitism than pair-breeding species because of two aspects of their ecology which should facilitate horizontal transmission and possibly select for higher parasite virulence: first, they interact regularly with more individuals than pair-breeding species, and second, these individuals are commonly close relatives that could share similar resistance alleles. This hypothesis predicts that cooperative breeders should invest relatively more in immune defence than closely related species which breed in pairs. I tested this prediction comparatively in African birds by examining the response of the immune system to the mitogenic lectin, phytoahemagglutinin (PHA response) in relation to cooperative breeding. Among 66 species, of which 18 breed cooperatively, PHA response was significantly higher in cooperatively breeding species. This association appeared not to be confounded by body size, clutch size, nest position, coloniality or similarity owing to common phylogenetic descent. These results suggest that cooperatively breeding birds may have been selected to invest more than pair-breeders in defences against parasites. If so, then additional costs of philopatry and helping behaviour might be imposed on breeders, helpers and offspring.     

包气带中造纸废水COD天然生物降解作用

通过野外试验和土柱实验,研究了造纸废水渠底部包气带中,天然形成的生化层分布特征及其对ＣＯＤ降解能力和机制．结果表明,包气带中生化层由生物氧化带和生物还原带组成,生化层的发育厚度受包气带厚度控制,当包气带厚度大于１０ｍ 时,生化层发育良好,对ＣＯＤ的降解率达到９７％ 以上．     

不饱和聚酯树脂高浓度废水共沸精馏资源化与治理技术

针对不饱和聚酯树脂生产高浓度废水的特点,采用新型共沸精馏技术进行资源化预处理。实验结果表明,共沸精馏几乎将废水中的原料、聚合中间体等有机物全部浓缩于釜液中,釜底浓缩液COD可高达120万mg／L左右,有机物回收率达93％～96％。将COD约120万nq-g／L的釜液以20％比例投入不饱和聚酯树脂合成反应中,制得了一种新型高性能树脂,且树脂的得率由常规生产的93．4％提高至99．77％。对与共沸剂分离后的COD约为1万mg／L的馏出液采用新型多技术协同催化氧化技术进行预处理,使废水B／C由0．021提高至0．3以上;再采用EGSB＋MBBR生化处理和活性炭吸附深度处理,出水可稳定达标排放,并能满足循环冷却水要求。