中空纤维膜辅助离子液体液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中的水杨酸

分别以l-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体([C8MIM][PF6])和三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)作为萃取剂与辅助萃取剂,建立了中空纤维膜辅助的两相液液微萃取-高效液相色谱测定环境水体中水杨酸(Salicylicacid,SA)的新方法.通过对中空纤维膜种类、萃取剂、供体相体积、供体相pH、离子强度和萃取时间相关参数进行优化,获得了较高的富集倍数(1653倍).方法的检出限为0.1μg.L-1,线性范围为0.5—1000μg.L-1.方法对实际样品的加标回收率为89.6%—102.4%,可应用于环境水体中痕量SA的测定.     

复合胶凝剂和废玻璃钢纤维改性半水脱硫石膏

以工业副产物脱硫建筑石膏为原料,采用超细钢渣-矿渣-电石渣（SGC）复合胶凝剂和废玻璃钢纤维对其进行改性研究,得到适宜的改性条件为：复合胶凝剂适宜掺量为20%~25%,废玻璃钢纤维最佳长度为10~15 mm,适宜掺量为1.0%,且经过EDTA溶液浸泡处理的废玻璃钢纤维对石膏基体的改性效果较好。改性后石膏制品的软化系数提高到0.91,抗折强度为7.6 MPa,抗压强度为23.4 MPa,耐水性与力学强度显著提高,实现了不同工业废弃物的协同处置和脱硫石膏的高质化利用,也为难以处置的玻璃钢废弃物找到一种有效利用途径。     

过滤捕集法处理含DEP雾废气的研究

为了探讨玻璃纤维过滤器处理含DEP雾废气的效率问题,在实验室进行了DEP雾去除实验。考查了不同气体入口浓度、过滤流速下玻璃纤维过滤捕集装置对含DEP雾废气的净化能力,结果表明:利用玻璃纤维过滤器去除DEP雾,在DEP雾粒径主要分布为0.48～3.4μm之间,DEP雾浓度小于220 mg/m3,过滤流速小于10 cm/s情况下,玻璃纤维过滤器对DEP雾的去除率大于99%,最大气体流量下的压力降小于1610Pa;同时对含油(酸)雾废气除雾效果好,特别是对于粒径特别细微的油(酸)雾,捕集效率也很高,还可回收利用,不会产生二次污染。     

中空纤维膜应用于烟气脱硫的现状与前景

本文介绍了中空纤维膜的基本情况,概述了中空纤维膜烟气脱硫技术的研究现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

石油化工装置污染源分析

对石油化工行业三大典型工艺,即炼油、乙烯和化纤的污染源产生情况及特性进行分析,找出不同装置废气、废水、固体废物等污染源产生的特点和共性,以利于石油化工项目的环境影响评价工作中污染源产生情况的准确分析和评价。     

An attempt to recover economic losses from decadal changes in two lagoon systems of Sri Lanka through a newly patented mangrove product

Kahandamodara and Kalametiya are two estuarine lagoons located within about 12 km distance along the Southern coast of Sri Lanka. According to a socio-economic survey, both lagoons have been moderately to high saline water bodies and the latter was an important center of prawn fishery until the late 1960s. Two irrigation projects upstream (Udawalawe irrigation scheme and Muruthawela Wewa), which came into operation in 1967 and 1968 respectively, increased freshwater inflows to these two lagoons and altered flora, fauna, and water quality, with a decline of lagoon fishery as a result. At the same time, the increase in freshwater favorised the Mangrove Apple Sonneratia caseolaris to expand spontaneously. Following many hectares of vegetation increase of this species, our study focused on recovering the economic loss of fisheries decline by using new ethnobotanic information on this species. We found that the pulp of the fruit of the Mangrove Apple is tasty and can be used to prepare a fruit drink. However, it has not been commercialised, or even practiced widely at homes, due to the fact that numerous small seeds in the fruit release certain phenolic compounds when damaged, giving a bad colour and an astringent taste to the pulp. We developed a method to get the fruit pulp from the Mangrove Apple minimising the addition of phenolic compounds. This fruit pulp was then used to produce ice cream and fruit drinks, and the whole procedure has been patented in Sri Lanka for the favour of the local people. Apparently this is a novel mangrove product reported for the first time in mangrove ethnobotany. In addition, analysis of the fruit pulp of the S. caseolaris for nutritional composition revealed that it is very rich in phosphorus and dietary fiber, indicating that these new products may have an even higher potential as a supplementary food. Its use as a health food and as a commercialised eco-product is expected to bring new gains in spite of the former ecosystem and fishery decrease. It is however not known to which extent these novel ethnobiological/socio-economical uses outbalance functions lost by ecosystem degradation.     

ANAMMOX生物滤池深度处理干法腈纶废水的性能与可行性

针对石化干法腈纶厂出水氨氮浓度高、可生化性差、无法达标的问题,以石化干法腈纶厂三沉池出水作试验用水,研究ANAMMOX生物滤池工艺深度处理干法腈纶废水的可行性与脱氮性能。结果表明,经过130 d驯化,ANAMMOX生物滤池对干法腈纶厂出水中氨氮具有较强的去除能力,出水NH₄⁺-N浓度由184.1~205.3 mg/L降到23.4~30.3 mg/L,去除率达83.5%;外加NO₂^--N去除率达93.6%以上,NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除摩尔比接近1:1（理论值为1:1.32）,TN去除负荷达2.36~4.80 kg/(m³/d);但出水TN浓度仍高达165.9~180.7 mg/L,并主要以难降解含氮有机物的形式存在。ANAMMOX生物滤池对出水难降解的COD_Cr具有进一步的去除能力,去除负荷可达2.39~2.56 kg/(m³/d),出水COD_Cr由487.9~532.1 mg/L降至188.6~212.3 mg/L,处理后出水可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中石化工业所要求的二级排放标准。     

醋酸溶胀回收废弃碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料

针对废弃碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)在机械法回收过程中碳纤维长度和强度损失较高的难题,采用醋酸溶胀法改善CFRP机械加工性能,以降低碳纤维长度和强度损失,提高CFRP机械回收产物再利用价值。结果表明,CFRP中的固化环氧树脂(CEP)能够在醋酸介质中快速溶胀并发生轻微降解。CFRP在140 °C醋酸中浸泡1 h会发生软化现象(树脂溶胀率和降解率分别为78.88%和4.49%),当温度提升至160~220 °C后CFRP会发生分层现象(树脂溶胀率为101.54%~147.00%,降解率为9.08%~14.40%)。这些软化或分层产物易于被机械裁切成细条状、薄片状或其他各种形状。将烘干后的裁切产物或分层产物与适量未固化环氧树脂混合,采用热压法可重新制备CFRP。新制备的CFRP的抗弯强度可达到原始CFRP的47%~89%。本研究结果可为热固性环氧树脂复合材料绿色回收提供参考。     

PLA、PPC或PBAT与2次改性小麦秸秆全降解复合材料的力学性能与生态风险

制作复合材料是小麦秸秆资源化利用的有效途径之一。小麦秸秆的改性处理对制成的复合材料力学性能有很大影响,且不同的基体材料与小麦秸秆制成的复合材料性能也有所不同。以聚乳酸（PLA）、聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）、聚己二酸（PBAT）为基体材料,分别以改性前或碱处理及偶联剂方法2次改性后的小麦秸秆纤维为增强材料,采用压缩成型工艺制备了6种全降解复合材料,并对制成的6种复合材料进行了力学性能测试与比对;分析了3种改性后小麦秸秆制成的全降解复合材料的降解性能,并通过种子发芽实验研究了它们的浸提液的潜在生态风险。结果表明,2次改性小麦秸秆与基体材料制成的复合材料,其力学性能较原始秸秆与基体材料制成的复合材料有明显的增强,其拉伸、弯曲、冲击强度均有20%~50%的提升。3种可降解材料降解率由大到小的顺序为：PLA全降解复合材料 > PBAT全降解复合材料 > PPC全降解复合材料。质量分数1%的3种全降解复合材料浸提液对种子发芽过程基本不造成影响。     

铁盐与铝盐对腈纶废水生化出水混凝特性的对比

针对腈纶废水生化单元出水,对比研究了Al2(SO4)3和Fe2(SO4)3在不同絮凝剂投量和pH时的混凝处理效果,并利用紫外-可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)、凝胶渗透色谱(HPSEC)等对混凝特性进行了初步探讨。研究显示,2种混凝剂在投量为63.5 mg/L时可获得30%以上的COD去除率,且最佳pH为中性附近。当投量小于32 mg/L时,Al2(SO4)3较Fe2(SO4)3具有更高的COD去除率,进一步增大混凝剂的投量很难提高Al2(SO4)3对COD的去除率,而Fe2(SO4)3则在有限范围内能持续提高COD去除率。EEM光谱分析显示,与Al2(SO4)3相比,Fe2(SO4)3对有机物具有更广的处理范围和更好的去除效果。HPSEC分析表明,Fe2(SO4)3相对于Al2(SO4)3在去除重均分子量为2 776、1 856和1 325 Da的有机物组分方面具有优势。铁盐或铝盐混凝是深度净化腈纶废水生化单元出水的可行方案之一。