Identification and mechanism of formation of certainmutagenic components in the volatile condensatesfrom oxidized and heated edible oils

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地面水中痕量挥发性有机污染物的GC／MS法测定

参考美国EPA624方法,采用LSC_3吹捕富集,色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术,以特征离子峰面积内标法,对若干挥发性有机污染物作定量分析研究。在1至50ppb浓度范围内,混合标样中各化合物均获得线性良好的校准工作曲线。相对标准偏差小于12％,平均回收率在94％～105％。最小检测浓度为0.5～1.0ppb。实际测定了地面水样,测得重点控制挥发性有机物12种,浓度为0.5～279ppb。     

Patterns of volatile metabolites and nonvolatile trichothecenes produced by isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stachybotrys,Fusarium, Trichoderma,Trichothecium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Memnoniella</Emphasis>

We reported previously that trichodiene, a volatile trichothecene derivative, was produced by a Stachybotrys isolate, also known to produce highly cytotoxic, non-volatile, macrocyclic trichothecenes (satrotoxins). We investigated the relationship between the production of trichodiene and various non-volatile trichothecenes for several molds. Volatile metabolites were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax TA and analyzed by GC/MS, while non-volatile metabolites were separated by HPLC, derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS. Stachybotrys chartarum isolates producing macrocyclic trichothecenes secreted significantly larger amounts of trichodiene and other sesquiterpenes than isolates which only produced simple trichothecenes. The amounts of secreted trichodiene were relatively small in all cases. With the exception of Memnoniella, which excreted small amounts of sesquiterpenes, the other isolates produced varying amounts of sesquiterpenes, including trichodiene, as well as simple tricothecenes, no detectable trichodiene, but large amounts of griseofulvin derivatives. In Stachybotrys there is apparently a correlation between trichodiene and macrocyclic trichothecene production. In the remaining isolates, there was no simple relationship between trichodiene and non-volatile trichothecene synthesis. Trichodiene is produced in larger amounts by Stachybotrys isolates, which also produce satratoxins, but it will be difficult to utilize this metabolite to detect toxic isolates in buildings due to the relatively small amounts excreted.     

Labial gland marking secretion in males of two Scandinavian cuckoo bumblebee species (genusPsithyrus)

Summary Chemical components of the cephalic labial gland secretion, which most likely is used as a precopulatory attracting signal, were identified in males of the cuckoo bumblebeesPsithyrus vestalis (Geoffroy) andP. bohemicus (Seidl.) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The former species has geranylcitronellyl acetate as main component, plus in decreasing amounts geranylcitronellol, an eicosadienal, an eicosenol, and an eicosenal. Another 17 fatty acid derivatives are present in minor amounts. The labial secretion ofP. vestalis differs distinctly in its chemistry from that of all of the 8 other ScandinavianPsithyrus species. In the taxonomically closely related (same subgenus)P. bohemicus, the labial gland secretion contains 16 fatty acid derivatives, of which 12 (75%) are present also in the secretion ofP. vestalis. Thus, both the labial gland secretions, and morphological traits lend support to the hypothesis that the two species share a common ancestor. The reproductive isolation between them is, at least in part, supported by the inclusion of a second biosynthetical pathway (the mevalonic acid pathway producing terpenoids) inP. vestalis, in addition to the pathway common to both species (the polyketide pathway producing fatty acid derivatives).     

Variation in composition of predator-attracting allelochemicals emitted by herbivore-infested plants: Relative influence of plant and herbivore

Summary During foraging, natural enemies of herbivores may employ volatile allelochemicals that originate from an interaction of the herbivore and its host plant. The composition of allelochemical blends emitted by herbivore-infested plants is known to be affected by both the herbivore and the plant. Our chemical data add new evidence to the recent notion that the plants are more important than the herbivore in affecting the composition of the volatile blends. Blends emitted by apple leaves infested with spider mites of 2 different species,T. urticae andP. ulmi, differed less in composition (principally quantitative differences for some compounds) than blends emitted by leaves of two apple cultivars infested by the same spider-mite species,T. urticae (many quantitative and a few qualitative differences). Comparison between three plant species — apple, cucumber and Lima bean — reveals even larger differences between volatile blends emitted upon spider-mite damage (many quantitative differences and several qualitative differences).     

腐殖酸对土壤挥发汞植物有效性的影响研究

土壤挥发汞对植物是非常有效的,并能通过食物链威胁人体健康,因此,本试验设计了“密闭箱的水培试验”定量研究了腐殖酸及其组份对土壤挥发汞生物活性的影响,结果发现：腐殖酸能有效地抑制土壤汞的挥发,降低植株对土壤挥发汞的吸收,其作用机理在于土壤挥发汞的形态转化,通过对转化条件的调节,可以达到控制土壤挥发汞向食物的链转移的目的。     

岩浆中主要挥发份含量──熔融包裹体和淬火玻璃证据

挥发份在成矿熔体和流体的形成与演化过程中扮演着相当重要的角色。直接分析火成岩矿物中的熔融包裹体是确定岩浆结晶前挥发份含量的最理想方法。本文在现有熔融包裹体（和海底火山淬火玻璃）中挥发份含量数据的基础上．估算了主要挥发价（H2O、CO2、Cl、F、S等）在基性、中性和酸性等各类岩浆中的平均含量。     

Advanced analytical determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other major contaminants in water samples using GC-Ion Trap MS

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不同挥发分煤尘层最低着火温度变化规律研究

针对煤化工等行业的沉积煤尘热自燃问题,运用煤尘层最低着火温度测试系统,研究了不同挥发分煤尘层的着火状态、不同挥发分及不同厚度煤尘层最低着火温度的变化规律。结果表明:煤尘层厚度为5 mm时,挥发分质量分数大于35%的煤尘在较低温度便出现着火现象,肉眼很容易观察到火星的出现,温度曲线波动剧烈,而对于挥发分质量分数小于15%的煤尘,通过煤尘层内部"温度达到450℃"来判断其着火;在灰分质量分数相当的情况下,煤尘层最低着火温度随挥发分增加呈严格递减的趋势变化;得到了煤尘层厚度和最低着火温度的函数关系式,通过试验得到了挥发分质量分数为37.45%煤尘的重要常数M和N。