臭氧消毒中水前后挥发性有机物的GC/MS分析研究

文章研究在不同消毒时间下,臭氧消毒中水前后挥发性有机物的变化。得出:消毒时间30 s和60 s后GC/MS检测有机物的种类较10 s时有明显增多,种类由10 s时的65种增到30 s时的98种,再增到60 s时的101种,最后到3 min时的135种。臭氧消毒法的快速、高效无二次污染、适用范围广。     

生物发酵制药VOCs与嗅味治理技术研究与发展

挥发性有机物（VOCs）和异味是生物发酵制药行业排放的主要污染物质,对人体健康和生态环境有潜在危害.目前,针对生物发酵制药行业VOCs和异味污染特征及防控技术的基础研究较少,有关制药企业VOCs和异味污染在监管和治理方面均缺乏充分的理论指导,甚至导致个别药企因环保措施治理不到位而只得搬迁的情况.本文以生物发酵制药行业作为研究对象,总结了不同生产流程、污水处理站和菌渣处理阶段VOCs和异味的污染特征,并在此基础上系统概述了应用于VOCs和异味末端治理技术的发展现状.因此,为更好地解决生物发酵制药行业VOCs和异味污染问题,未来应重点在以下4个方面开展工作：①优化生产工艺,实现污染物的源头削减;②开展针对发酵制药行业VOCs和异味的污染特征研究,建立快速、有效追溯VOCs和异味污染来源的方法;③针对VOCs和异味的污染特征,筛选高效和经济的治理技术;④推进生物发酵制药行业VOCs和异味排放标准和技术规程的制定和实施.     

浙江省合成革行业挥发性有机物污染特征及排放系数

以2015年浙江省175家合成革企业调研数据为基础,分析当前浙江省合成革行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染治理情况,通过研究筛选出161家重点企业,分析合成革行业污染基本排放特征并计算其VOCs排放系数.结果表明,绝大部分企业对废气采取治理措施,但聚氨酯(PU)后处理工艺没有废气收集和处理设施;绝大部分企业使用的是溶剂型原辅材料,废气中VOCs的主要污染因子为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲苯、乙酸甲酯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和丁酮等物质;全省合成革行业的VOCs排放系数均值为0. 168 kg·m~(-2).其中聚氨酯平均排放系数0. 170 kg·m~(-2),聚氯乙烯(PVC)排放系数为0. 142 kg·m~(-2);聚氨酯湿法工艺排放系数均值为0. 191 kg·m~(-2),聚氨酯干法工艺VOCs排放系数均值为0. 179 kg·m~(-2),聚氨酯后处理工艺VOCs排放系数均值为0. 120 kg·m~(-2).     

Monitoring total suspended solids by using nephelometry

Correlation curves were developed relating nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) with total suspended solids (TSS) for diked upland dredged material placement site effluents of three US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) maintenance dredging projects in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. The procedure was developed in an effort to ensure compliance with Maryland's 400 milligrams per liter (mg/l) TSS standard for COE dredging projects. Samples of the sediments to be dredged were collected and analyzed, correlating turbidity readings with TSS determined by standard gravimetric techniques. The correlation curves were provided to the COE inspectors to measure the effluent with a turbidity meter and to extract a TSS concentration from the correlation curve. Samples collected and analyzed after initiation of the dredging indicated that the correlation curves were an overestimate of the actual TSS concentrations of the effluent discharges. The procedure, endorsed by the State of Maryland, provided immediate on-site TSS analysis eliminating the previously encountered delays in obtaining gravimetric analysis of effluent discharges and potential contract management problems.     

南通龙王桥河沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物的研究

本研究对南通通甲河支流龙王桥河的表层沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)随时间的变化情况,AVS与同步浸提重金属(SEM)的关系,以及AVS与有机质(OM)的关系进行了一个月的监测。结果表明:①龙王桥河表层沉积物中AVS的平均含量为1700mg/kg,远高于其他河段,上覆水中AVS的含量达到1.0mg/L,污染严重;②归一法算得SEM/AVS1,沉积物中重金属主要以硫化物形式存在;③沉积物中OM含量与AVS有相关性,OM较高时AVS的含量也较高。     

丝状真菌生物过滤塔对挥发性有机物的去除性能

生物过滤塔工艺是控制挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染的一种重要工艺。其中,丝状真菌由于所产生的菌丝体易捕捉气相中的疏水性污染物,同时又具备耐受低pH值和适应干燥环境等特性,而日益成为VOCs生物过滤技术中新的研究热点。文章在对丝状真菌生物过滤塔的降解机理和特点进行分析的基础上,针对目前在生物过滤塔技术中研究较多的几种典型丝状真菌,较详细介绍了该类真菌生物过滤塔对VOCs的去除性能,并对该技术在VOCs控制方面的研究与应用中存在的问题和发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

挥发性恶臭有机污染物的分子标志物研究进展

分子标志物技术一直是环境污染物来源识别和迁移转化机理研究的重要内容。挥发性恶臭有机物作为大气环境中一类极为特殊和复杂的有机污染物,目前采用分子标志物技术研究其来源识别和迁移转化过程甚为薄弱,因此尤其值得关注。文章介绍了该类污染物分子标志物的国内外研究进展,从其来源、测试技术、大气化学污染特征和源识别方法等方面进行阐述,指出了今后的研究方向。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染研究现状

随着经济的发展和人们生活水平品质的提高,室内空气污染逐渐成为人们关心的环境问题之一。文章在查阅了大量文献及结合作者工作的基础上,介绍了室内空气中挥发性有机物污染水平研究现状,采样分析方法和治理技术的进展情况。     

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.     

流动注射分析仪测定水体中的挥发酚

采用QuikChem 8500 FIA流动注射法对水体中挥发酚进行测定,标准曲线的相关系数达到0.99999,检出限为1.066μg/L,对两种浓度的标准样品分析,测得值均在其保证值范围内,用FIA法与化学法做分析对比,相关系数为0.9995,适用于清洁水和废水样品测定;将FIA法与化学法的两种试剂种类和用量作比较,FIA法是一种高效、准确、可靠安全的方法。