工业挥发性有机物处理技术分析与展望

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是大气污染物的主要来源之一。对现有工业VOCs处理技术进行了归类及概述,总结了各类技术中主要方法的工作原理、技术特点、适用范围和应用现状,包括吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法、冷凝法等回收技术,热氧化(燃烧)法、生物降解法、低温等离子法、光催化法等非回收消除技术,以及工业上典型的VOCs集成组合治理技术。指出,集成组合治理技术的研发是该领域未来的发展方向。     

现代煤化工行业挥发性有机物管控问题分析

分析了现代煤化工行业存在的VOCs管控相关产业政策、标准要求与产业发展不匹配,泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)工作推进缓慢、VOCs排放量核算不准确和VOCs治理工作难开展等问题。提出如下建议:在LDAR工作方面,重新认识LDAR工作、源头控制和增加泄漏情况数据统计环节;在VOCs排放量核算方面,全面识别企业VOCs排放源项、准确收集VOCs核算所需参数和控制采样分析误差;在VOCs治理方面,尽快制定VOCs排放有关标准、识别VOCs管控重点和开发VOCs过程及末端治理技术。     

Distribution of organophosphoric acid triesters between water and sediment at a sea-based solid waste disposal site

Organophosphoric acid triester (OPE) concentration levels in water and bottom sediment at the Osaka North Port Sea-Based Solid Waste Disposal Site were investigated, and the behavior of OPEs in the water environment of the waste disposal site was examined. The more highly water-soluble OPEs were frequently detected in raw water. Of the OPEs detected, TCEP and TCPP showed very high concentrations (1.0–90 μg/l), followed by TEP (0.3–10 μg/l) > TBXP (0.8–6.3 μg/l) > TDCPP (0.6–6.2 μg/l) > TBP (0.2–1.5 μg/l) > TPP (<0.1 μg/l). Most OPEs detected in water were eluted from the disposal waste to the water phase immediately and behaved as dissolved forms with no distribution in suspended solids (SS). On the other hand, the less water-soluble OPEs, such as TCP or TEHP, were detected in bottom sediment but hardly at all in water samples. All OPEs were detected at the waste disposal site, within which their concentration levels were uniform. It appeared that the less water-soluble OPEs were present as SS-associated forms and behaved in line with the floating surface sludge at the bottom. Received: July 6, 1998 / Accepted: February 25, 1999     

FIELD MEASUREMENT OF FLOW VELOCITIES,SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS,AND TEMPERATURES IN LAKE OKEECHOBEE1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a field investigation of collecting hydrodynamic and sediment data in Lake Okeechobee with analyses examining mechanisms affecting sediment resuspension in the lake. Lake Okeechobee is a large subtropical lake located in south central Florida. Three‐dimensional flow velocities, suspended solids concentrations (SSC), and temperatures at four locations were measured from January 18 to March 5, 2000. Analyses of these data indicate that wind is the dominant factor in driving flow velocities and therefore transporting suspended solids. Wind direction also affects the SSC, especially in the north central and west littoral areas of the lake. The surface and bottom velocity components frequently flow in opposite directions, forming a stratification of the water column and preventing suspended solids from settling out. This retention of SSC in the water column may have a strong impact on the water quality of Lake Okeechobee. This study provides valuable storm event data and mechanism analyses, which will improve our understanding of the transport of suspended solids, thermal exchanges, and flow patterns within Lake Okeechobee.     

自制悬浮物过滤器及其在悬浮物测定中的应用

本文自制悬浮物过滤器，并提出了一种简便的悬浮物标准样品的制备方法。地表水滤液的吸光度值表明，自制悬浮物过滤器藏留悬浮物效果令人满意。该法加标回收率为95．4％～106．8％，检出限为3．2mg／L。尤其适合于强酸、强碱和强氧化性废水中悬浮物的测定。     

挥发性有机物废气的膜法处理工艺研究进展

简要介绍了挥发性有机物废气的来源，分类及其对人体和环境的危害，以及国内外近年来的排放状况。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透，气体膜分离，膜基吸收3种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展和工业应用现状。     

HYDROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN THE UPPER RIO GRANDE, 1975 TO 19991

ABSTRACT: Hydrological and geochemical spatial patterns and temporal trends were analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water quality data collected from 1975 to 1999 along the uppermost 600 km of the Rio Grande in Colorado and New Mexico. Data on discharge, specific conductivity (SC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, HCO₃^?, SO₄^2‐, Cl^?, F^?, and SiO₂ came from six USGS stations ranging from the Colorado‐New Mexico border to below Albuquerque, New Mexico. Linear regression, Kendall's S, and Seasonal Kendall's S’ were used to detect trends, and ANOVA was used to analyze spatial differences between stations. Statistically significant increasing trends occurred in SC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, and F^?in the uppermost reaches, and significant decreasing trends of SC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, HCO₃^?, and SO₄^2‐occurred at the lower stations around Albuquerque. Both fluoride concentrations and pH values increased at and below Albuquerque over the study period. Discharge data show an increasing trend across all stations. Spatially, data for dissolved substances show generally linear upstream to downstream increases in concentrations in the upper four stations, with several notable nonlinear increases at and below Albuquerque (SC, TDS, Na⁺, Cl^?). Significant increases in pH appear at and below Albuquerque, relative to upstream stations, probably due to improved sewage treatment.     

A DYNAMIC BACTERIAL MODEL FOR A RECREATIONAL LAKE1

ABSTRACT A dynamic mathematical model was constructed to examine bacterial contamination problems affecting Ford Lake, a small recreational lake in Southeast Michigan. The model was calibrated and verified using summer dry weather averaged data and data from three wet weather surveys. Model simulations demonstrated that the major bacterial contamination was attributable to storm related perturbations affecting two point sources: the Huron River and the Ypsilanti Sewage Treatment Plant. The nonpoint source contribution was relatively minor. The Model is currently being used by the State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources as a management tool for assessing the effectiveness of planned pollution abatement strategies     

汽车内装饰材料挥发性有机物GC-MS测定和分析

采用恒温测试箱法采集汽车内部装饰材料释放的挥发性有机物,利用Nutech预浓缩仪对样品进行三级VOC富集,然后用GC-MS法(气相色谱-质谱法)对汽车内部装饰材料释放的挥发性有机物苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯进行了测定,检出限低于2.0μg/m3。实验选择皮革表皮、橡胶密封条、灰色无纺布、海棉和仪表盘五种汽车内部装饰材料,进行挥发性有机物含量的测定,并对结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明五种汽车内部装饰材料均不同程度地释放挥发性有机物,其中热塑性材料仪表盘释放出的TVOC含量最高,橡胶密封条的TVOC释放量也较高,皮革表皮和灰色无纺布释放的甲苯较多,而消音材料海绵主要释放出二甲苯。汽车内部装饰材料释放挥发性有机物的情况复杂,因此,探索和建立有效的汽车内部装饰材料有害物质检测方法,对于选择低毒环保的汽车内部装饰材料非常有意义。     

工业高浓度挥发性有机气体净化技术现状与进展

综述了目前国内外VOCs的净化技术,并指出了各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题,提出了VOCs净化技术的发展方向。