三维电极氧化法在城市污泥稳定化中的实验研究

以Ti/RuO2网状电极为工作电极,研究三维电极氧化法在城市污泥处理中的效果,探讨了外加电压、电解时间、污泥浓度、活性炭填充层高度等因素的影响.结果表明:极板间距为3cm,电压为20V,曝气量为3L·h-1,活性炭厚度为1.2cm,电解浓度为1.59%的混合污泥,挥发性悬浮物质(VSS)的去除率可达40%以上,VSS/TSS降至41%以下.加入Na2SO4调节浓度为2.06%的污泥,电导率为6ms·cm-1,VSS去除率可达42%左右.     

Distribution Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Ambient Air Of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Automobile emissions have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, and correlations of VOCs at three study sites, selected based on traffic densities and distances from a freeway, were discussed. Sixty-four hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air. Among all of the VOC species, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic compounds constituted the major constituents. Higher concentrations of VOCs existed further away from major arteries as compared to those found near the freeway. Therefore, the distance from the freeway may not be a sufficient index for reflecting actual air quality in the study area. Weather conditions, wind speed and direction did not affect the distribution of VOC concentrations in the three study sites. Other factors, such as the height and density of buildings, traffic conditions or commercial activities, might affect the distribution of VOCs.     

建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物的测定

利用快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物(SVOCS)进行分析,并优化了萃取溶剂、温度和循环次数.经测定,标准曲线的相关系数(R2)>0.990,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7％ ～14％,加标回收率为65.0％ ～86.4％,方法检出限为0.01～0.06 mg/kg.结果表明,方法的精...     

上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)处理制药废水的研究

用上流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）在自然温度条件下处理ＶＣ、ＳＤ和葡萄糖生产废水。反应器容积１００Ｌ,发酵温度－２４℃,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ３０００－５０００ｍｌ／Ｌ,有机负荷３－６ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,ＨＲＴ为１８－２４ｈ,产气率达到０．３ｍ＾３／ｋｇＣＯＤ,甲烷含量７０％,ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达到９０％,取得较好的实验效果,为厌氧处理较低深度的制药废水找出可行的途径。     

4-AAP光度法测定污水中挥发酚的干扰规律研究及其应用

矿物油(原油、机油、柴油等)、苯胺、部分金属离子及ClO^-等物质对4-AAP法测定污水中的挥发酚有干扰。本文采用标加干扰物的方法研究了各种干扰物质对挥发酚测定过程中的回收率的影响规律,得到总回收率Y方程。由Y值和4-AAP法测定值C_D可求得水样中挥发酚的实际含量C_T(C_D/Y)。混和干扰物加标拟合实验结果的相对误差<±5%。该方法测定实际水样的结果与4阶导数光谱法的结果基本吻合。本文是针对油矿区污水特点,提出的消除各种干扰挥发酚测定物质影响的研究方法。     

生物体内环形挥发性甲基硅氧烷的分布、行为及效应研究进展

近年来,环形挥发性甲基硅氧烷(cVMSs)因其优异的物化特性而被广泛应用在工业生产和日常生活的各个方面,特别是经常被添加到个人护理品(PCPs)等各类消费品中.目前,人们对cVMSs在环境介质中的污染水平及其迁移转化行为有了一定的了解.另外,cVMSs兼有疏水性和挥发性,且难以进行生物降解,因此该类物质进入环境后潜在的...     

罐采样-GC/MS测定空气中挥发性有机物方法

建立了罐(SUMMA)采样GC/MS测定空气中38种挥发性有机物的方法,详尽地叙述了采样及分析过程。方法检出限在0.01～0.03μg/m3。     

外加碳源水淹条件下高硫土壤中铜的迁移转化

采用高硫低有机质酸性重金属污染土壤,通过研究外加碳源水淹条件下各层土壤中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)的产生以及各剖面层中Cu的总量分布、Cu在孔隙水中的浓度及存在形态的变化情况,探讨了水淹土壤中的AVS对Cu迁移转化的影响.结果表明,外加碳源水淹条件下,硫酸根被还原,产生的大量AVS可促使水相中游离活性Cu向惰性较高的硫化物结合态和残渣态转化而被固定;不同深度土壤中AVS产生情况不同,其含量由深层向浅层递增,并在顶层大量聚集,由此导致孔隙水中的Cu²⁺浓度由土壤深层向浅层递减,这种垂直浓度梯度差,趋动活性态Cu由深层向浅层的垂直迁移,在AVS大量富集的表层中形成丰富的铜硫化物沉淀,使土壤表层中惰性态铜及总量累积增加,底层活性铜及总量下降,从而使铜的生态风险和生物风险降低.     

Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g⁻¹, eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.     

城市污泥堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降及减容率的研究

通过测定堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降量的动态变化,结合堆肥温度、含水量和挥发性固体（VS）含量的变化,对堆体表面沉降和减容率及其影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）处理的升温速率、最高温度和高温维持时间、含水量和VS含量去除率等均高于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）处理,其灭菌、生物干燥和有机质降解效果较好。堆体表面沉降可分为物理压实沉降和有机质降解沉降,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）的物理压缩沉降量低于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）,主要是因为秸秆作为调理剂的支撑作用比树皮差;前者的有机质降解沉降量大于后者,这与堆肥温度、含水量和VS含量的去除率等因素有关。