大豆蛋白粉喷雾干燥塔尾气余热的回收与利用

针对大豆蛋白粉生产过程中喷雾干燥塔尾气温度较高,有回收利用价值的现实,也针对目前的节能需求,对现有的喷雾干燥塔的尾气排放部分进行改造,设计一个片状空气预热器,以利用高温的尾气与系统的进气做热交换,实现热量再利用,降耗和提高蛋白粉产率的目的,并对投资收益进行了分析。     

废弃药渣中残留泰乐菌素降解菌的筛选

发酵法生产抗生素过程中会产生大量废弃药渣.由于残留抗生素的存在,极大地限制了药渣的资源化利用.以泰乐菌素药渣为研究对象,采用微生物法探讨降解药渣中残留泰乐菌素的方法.结果表明:从长期堆放泰乐菌素药渣附近土壤中筛选到可降解药渣残留泰乐菌素的菌株,将该菌株以10%的接种量,在30～35 ℃,pH为7的条件下,发酵处理泰乐菌素药渣120 h后,微生物法未检出残留泰乐菌素的存在.提示利用微生物法可以消除药渣中残留泰乐菌素,从而为泰乐菌素药渣有效处理提供可鉴方法.      

含砷废物资源化产品中砷的浸出特性与环境风险分析

分别以我国某地2种含砷废物(污泥和废渣)为研究对象,用EA NEN 7371实验方法分析其不同资源化产品(烧制砖、免烧砖和含砷水泥等)中As的有效量浸出特性,从环境风险的角度探讨了含砷废物资源化利用的可行性. 结果显示:含砷污泥进行烧砖处置后,其产品中As的有效量浸出率从15%左右升至60%～70%;含砷废渣与水泥进行混合粉磨共处置后,含砷水泥产品中As的有效量浸出率从60%～70%降至4%以下;含砷废渣制成免烧砖后,As的有效量浸出率从60%～70%降至10%左右. 表明含砷污泥不宜进行烧砖处置;而含砷废渣可根据含砷量,在控制掺加比例的条件下与水泥熟料共处置生产混合水泥或作为原材料生产免烧砖.      

基于超声空化原理的废旧线缆回收方法

废旧线缆是一种可以回收利用的资源。目前普遍使用机械破碎方法回收废旧线缆,具体工艺是采用机械磨削的方法分离铜和绝缘皮,然后用筛分法获得。由于此工艺中包含有磨削过程,因此会损失很大一部分铜,从而造成资源浪费。为此,研究使用超声波工艺回收电线,并探讨一些因素对分离率的影响。研究结果表明:利用超声波的空化效应分离电线中的金属和塑料,能有效避免铜的大量损失。当水温为60℃,分离率达到最高值;电线长度与分离率之间基本成反比关系;电线总量的大小对分离率也有一定的影响。     

固体废物六价铬分析样品碱消解快速前处理方法

提出一种固体废物六价铬分析样品快速前处理方法,其消解条件、样品分析与现行国家标准方法相同,不同的是,样品消解后,用离心方法替代过滤方法,能实现样品的快速、准确分析。     

危险废物焚烧设施二噁英类排放特征及周边土壤污染调查

调查了13座不同类型的危险废物焚烧设施及二噁英类排放模式及部分设施土壤的污染水平.结果表明,排放浓度同焚烧处理量没有显著的关系.4—6氯代PCDD/Fs和7—8氯代PCDD/Fs呈现出了不同的排放特征.4—6氯代PCDF/PCDD比值为60.58±1.98(95%置信区间),较通用的总PCDF/总PCDD比值更适于描述危险废物焚烧设施二噁英排放的特征.使用PCA及聚类分析方法将设施排放模式归类为3种模式.分布模式同焚烧设施炉型、处理量以及尾气处理方式等因素相关性并不显著.2,3,4,7,8PeCDF对I-TEQ的贡献为35%—45%,并与I-TEQ具有很高的相关性.厂区土壤中二噁英浓度水平约为8—14ngI-TEQ.kg-1,周边土壤浓度为1—4ngI-TEQ.kg-1左右,均处于较低水平,调查设施周边土壤的使用目前尚无明显风险.危险废物设施对周边土壤的环境风险需要进一步评估.     

Emergy analysis applied to the estimation of the recovery of costs for water services under the European Water Framework Directive

In this paper, the European Union's Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) that is intended to foster protection of water resources is examined, focusing on the improvement of ecological and chemical quality of surface and groundwater. The WFD includes the concept of full cost recovery (FCR) in accordance with the Polluter-Pays Principle, as one of the tools of an adequate and sustainable water resource management system. The WFD defines three different costs associated with water: resource costs (RC), financial costs (FC), and environmental costs (ECs).The FCR of water is examined from a biophysical perspective using emergy evaluation to: (1) establish resource values of water from different sources, (2) establish the full economic costs associated with supplying water, and (3) the societal costs of water that is used incorrectly; from which the resource costs, financial costs, and environmental costs, respectively, can be computed. Financial costs are the costs associated with providing water including energy, materials, labor and infrastructure. The emergy based monetary values vary between 0.15 and 1.73 €/m³ depending on technology. The emergy based, global average resource value (from which resource costs can be computed) is derived from two aspects of water: its chemical potential and its geopotential. The chemical potential monetary value of different sources such as rain, groundwater, and surface water derived from global averages of emergy inputs varies from 0.03 to 0.18 €/m³, depending on source, and the geopotential values vary from 0.03 to 2.40 €/m³, depending on location in the watershed. The environmental costs of water were averaged for the county of Spain and were 1.42 €/m³.Time of year and spatial location within the watershed ultimately influence the resource costs (computed from emergy value of chemical potential and geopotential energy) of water. To demonstrate this spatial and temporal variability, a case study is presented using the Foix watershed in northeastern Spain. Throughout the year, the resource value of water varies from 0.21 to 3.17 €/m³, depending on location within the watershed. It is concluded that FCR would benefit from the evaluation of resource costs using spatially and temporally explicit emergy accounting.     

钻井废弃液中石油污染物及细菌生态多样性

采用GC/MS分析方法,发现平湖油田钻井废弃液中含有烃类、酸类和酯类等23种有机污染物质,含量达到49 800 mg/L。运用16S rRNA基因分析法测得的微生物生态多样性表明,废弃液中微生物种类丰富,包括γ和β变形杆菌,γ-Proteobacteria是优势菌群,占克隆总数78.6%。Oceanospirillales、Pseudomonadales和Enterobacteriales是γ-Proteobacteria纲的主要菌群。     

衡阳市城市垃圾处理现状及改进建议

城市垃圾数量大、成分复杂,如果不好好处理会对环境和人体健康造成很大危害.就城市垃圾的危害及垃圾处理现状进行了分析,并对衡阳市垃圾处理提出改进建议.参6.     

利用废弃物煅烧水泥时重金属Pb、Cd的逸放污染

利用废弃物作为代替原料煅烧水泥已广泛应用于水泥生产,但其带来的环境污染问题不容忽视。以利用废弃物生产水泥的厂家为研究对象,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测所采集样品中重金属Pb、Cd的含量,对水泥生产过程中重金属Pb、Cd的逸放及其对周围土壤的污染进行研究。研究结果表明：利用废弃物煅烧水泥的过程中,重金属Pb、Cd的逸放率很高,其中立窑的Pb、Cd逸放率高达84％～90％。湿法回转窑的Pb、Cd逸放率达到63％～74％;在水泥厂上下风向500m、1000m和2000m处采集土壤样品,工厂周围的土壤均已受到不同程度的重金属污染,位于工厂下风向的土壤受到的污染更为严重,距离工厂500m处土壤中重金属Pb、Cd的含量均超过了国家标准的最大限量;对几家工厂员工的头发进行随机取样,头发样品中Pb含量均超过正常限量：