高聚物的老化试验

自然大气暴露和人工加速老化都是评价高聚物老化特性的常用方法。介绍了各种老化方法的特点、应用和相关标准。     

应用植物篱生态技术治理强风化岩质边坡研究

应用(改良)香根草等高植物篱技术治理与稳固昆明九乡喀斯特(岩溶)地区石漠化病害边坡.试验结果表明,与周边30m范围内发生大量山体滑坡的边坡相对照,该生态恢复工程明显发挥出了防止侵蚀、稳定边坡的作用,且大大改善和恢复了喀斯特石漠化病害边坡的生态环境,突破了土石方工程方法单一、造价高、景观差且阻断该区域植被系统形成的现状.     

溢油乳化过程的研究进展

概述了国内外溢油乳化过程的研究进展，主要从乳化物的形成，乳化物的性质及其研究手段、乳化过程的动力学及过程模拟等几方面进行了评述。目前大多数文献中关于乳化过程的研究偏重于化学组分的影响及作用方式，乳化物稳定性的化学因素等，而有关对油水乳化混合而乳化的动力学研究的报道较少，相应的过程模拟仍停留在80年代的水平。     

Performance of Pultruded Jute Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Composites as Building Materials for Door Frame

The pultruded jute/phenolic composites were aged under various humidity, hydrothermal and weathering conditions. Aging-induced effect of these conditions on the jute profiles was studied in terms of their physico-mechanical properties. It is observed that dimensional change of the profiles was only upto 4% even in an accelerated water aging condition. The effect of absorbed moisture/water on the jute profile was more pronounced in an accelerated water aging than the samples are being exposed to high humidity and alternate wetting and drying cycles. The changes in the values of internal bond strength of the profiles could be used as an indicator because of its sensitivity towards aging. Accentuation of fibres on the weathered samples along with severe resin erosion has suggested to layer the surface of the profiles with rich resin prior to use in the outdoor. The properties of jute profile door frame were satisfactory when compared with the requirements mentioned in IS: 4021–83 – Indian standard specification for timber door, window and ventilator frames. Performance of the installed door frame has shown no sign of dimensional instability in terms of warping and bulging after 3 years. It is suggested that jute door frames could be used as an alternative to the wooden door frames in buildings.     

北江流域水化学时空变化及化学风化特征

为了研究我国南方湿润地区河流水化学时空变化特征及控制因素,选择珠江流域第二大水系的北江为研究对象,通过分析2015年6月（汛期）和12月（非汛期）干流和支流河水基本水质参数及主量离子,利用化学计量法及质量守恒法定量评估了自然过程及人类活动共同影响下的流域化学风化特征及其通量.结果表明:①北江河水主量离子浓度非汛期高于汛期.岩石的区域分布和矿山活动构成了河水离子浓度和水化学类型的空间异质性,其中北江干流和支流连江为Ca-HCO₃型,而支流滃江则以Ca-SO₄型为主.②岩石对北江流域化学风化贡献率依次为碳酸岩（78.44%）>硅酸岩（14.43%）>降水源（5.42%）>蒸发岩（1.71%）.基于碳酸岩是北江径流水化学的主要控制因素,滃江流域的矿山开采活动加速了碳酸岩的风化,其对北江流域化学风化的贡献为7%.③汛期与非汛期的碳酸岩风化速率分别为7.49和5.29 t/（km2·月）,年化学风化速率为87.63 t/（km2·a）.研究显示,由于受水热条件、流域面积以及岩性的影响,北江流域年化学风化速率略大于西江流域,远高于东江以及全球流域化学风化平均值,北江对整个珠江流域的风化贡献较大.      

有机物料对土壤中水溶性氟环境效应的影响

土壤是固、液、气三相共存体,氟在土-水-植物、动物界面的转化可通过土壤水溶性氟含量表征。试验选用典型贵州黄壤和石灰土,运用有机质进行土壤污染修复的机理,通过向模拟高氟污染土壤中添加有机物料泥炭和风化煤,采用两因素最优设计,研究两种有机物料对土壤中水溶性氟含量的影响。结果表明,泥炭和风化煤都能降低土壤中水溶性氟含量,且泥炭的处理效果更好,最佳添加量是1.258g·kg-1。同时表明,黄壤和石灰土环境下氟形态转化的化学机理不同,运用有机质修复氟污染黄壤添加适量就可达到理想效果,而氟污染石灰土还存在其它更直接有效的方法改变氟在石灰土环境下的形态及其活性。     

LDPE/EPDM Multilayer Films Containing Recycled LDPE for Greenhouse Applications

In this paper the reuse of recycled LDPE in combination with the incorporation of EPDM modifier in the production of greenhouse films has been investigated. A three-layer film (60-100-40 micron thickness) containing recycled LDPE in the middle layer and a high UV-stabilized 40-micron outer layer was developed and proven to be commercially successful. Films with 25% and 50% recycled material content were produced. The effect of natural weathering on the film properties over a period of 15 months has been observed. Changes in physical and mechanical property were determined. The addition of EPDM to the raw resin was found to improve the extrudability of the compound and improve the weather resistivity of the film. The EPDM-modified films containing 25% to 50% recycled material retained approximately 95% and 75%, respectively, of their original extensibility after 9 months' exposure to natural weathering. Optimization of EPDM and UV stabilizer concentration was carried out to develop a balanced film with excellent mechanical and physical properties and resistance to weathering conditions. The use of UV stabilizer concentrations slightly higher than commercial practice in the outer layer of the multilayer film can be justified by the cost reduction by the incorporation of recycled LDPE materials.     

乌江流域沉积岩风化过程中铀的富集与释放

以乌江流域石灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩、硅质岩、黑色页岩和紫色砂岩等典型岩石的13条风化剖面为对象,运用相关分析和质量平衡计算方法,研究了这些岩石风化过程中铀(U)的富集与释放及其对河水U分布的影响,旨在增进对U生物地球化学循环的了解,也为流域U污染防治提供依据.结果表明,①乌江流域风化物和土壤中U的富集程度基本上高于上陆壳(upper continental crust,UCC)、中国土壤(China soil,CS)和世界土壤(world soil,WS);②U的富集和释放能力与母岩U含量以及风化剖面中粘土矿物和铁氧化物/氢氧化物含量及吸附能力有关;③石灰岩以及少量白云岩和碎屑岩风化过程中U的释放对河水U的分布特征具有重要的控制作用.     

黔中白云岩风化剖面微量元素的地球化学特征

本研究是为了探讨微量元素在化学风化作用下的迁移特征及分布规律并讨论碳酸盐岩地区红色风化壳的物源问题。我们选择了贵州省遵义市新浦镇的一处发育完好的原生白云岩上覆红土剖面作为研究的对象。以Zr作为不活化元素,我们得到以下的认识:1)该白云岩上覆红土剖面是原地形成的淋滤剖面,微量元素的迁移系数在红土剖面中的变化都具有很好的规律性。元素对Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf和Y-Yb的相关性很强,其可以作为上覆土层物质非多来源的证据,而单一物源与下伏岩石高度相关,那么可以推断所研究的土壤来源于下覆碳酸盐岩的风化。2)在整个剖面中,大部分微量元素在风化过程中都表现出富集的特性,尤其在岩-土界面处达到最大化,这显示出了风化淋滤的过程。Nb、Ta、V和Hf是相对不活化的元素。3)轻稀土元素在岩土界面的富集系数是大于重稀土元素的,这表明轻稀土元素在淋滤过程中更易于迁移。此外,铁质壳对相关微量元素有着富集的作用。总之,本次的研究结果对探讨喀斯特地区红土型风化壳的物质来源问题有着重要的指示意义。     

环境污染加剧石质文物风化:机理、过程及防护措施

石质文物的风化问题由来已久,在影响石质文物风化的各类因素中,环境恶化对石质文物的风化影响日益严重,但现有研究大多忽略了环境污染加剧的影响。在此背景下,本文从酸性气体排放、温度效应和水体污染三个方面阐述了环境污染加剧对石质文物风化的影响和作用机理,并对现有石质文物的防护措施进行综合比较分析,提出石质文物的保护建议和措施,为新形势下石质文物的保护研究提供新的思路。