苯胺对小鼠成纤维细胞L929的体外毒性评价

探讨不同浓度的苯胺化合物对小鼠成纤维细胞L929的体外毒性作用,为满足危险化学品分类鉴定和风险评估需求、更好地预防环境化合物对人体健康的损害提供理论依据。体外培养L929细胞,分别将不同浓度的苯胺化合物(0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10μg·mL~(-1))加入培养基中处理细胞,在不同时间点分别取材,MTT检测细胞增殖率,AO/PI染色检测细胞存活率,Annexin V-PI染色后流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,相关检测试剂盒测定细胞内活性氧(ROS)的含量及总谷胱甘肽的含量。结果表明,高浓度(1、10μg·mL~(-1))的苯胺化合物对L929细胞的生长和增殖具有显著的抑制效应。即使浓度降低至0.1μg·mL~(-1),在处理48 h后,细胞的存活数量显著下降,说明其对细胞增殖具有浓度和时间的累积效应和依赖性。同时,对各组细胞采用流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡,发现低浓度的苯胺对细胞凋亡影响并不明显,但高浓度的苯胺处理后,细胞凋亡和坏死数量显著增加。ROS含量和GSH含量检测结果显示,较低浓度的苯胺对细胞氧化应激反应并无显著影响,但浓度至0.1μg·mL~(-1)时,细胞较对照组出现明显的氧化应激反应,说明细胞已受损,再继续培养将会导致细胞死亡。上述研究结果提示,高浓度苯胺化合物可显著影响L929细胞存活率,且具有时间和浓度累积效应。其毒性机制可能与细胞内活性氧增加、谷胱甘肽耗竭有关。     

松针燃烧排放物的热重桥/质谱在线监测方法

森林火灾排放物主要包含气体、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、和半挥发性有机化合物(SVOCs),这些物质会严重威胁消防队员和居民的健康。森林火灾烟气是一种包含固体颗粒、液体和气体化合物的复杂混合物。在火前锋附近(靠近消防队员)或者离火前锋很远(但靠近居民)的地方,当苯、甲苯、烯烃等有机化合物的浓度超过各健康安全组织规定的极限值,就可能对健康产生影响。本文给出了一种使用室内热重桥一质谱联用对炉内松针燃烧实验进行火前锋排放物在线监测的新方法。该燃烧实验被认为含氧量较低,这是真实森林火灾中通常的情形。使用这种方法测量得到的苯和甲苯的最大浓度分别是1050和2050ppm。CO2的最大浓度超过10．000ppm。     

资本禀赋对生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响

生态补偿是激励生态保护红线区农户主动参与人为活动限制政策,实现生态保护红线区人与自然和谐共生的有效政策工具。为深入了解生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制的受偿意愿,将其决策过程分解成补偿参与意愿和受偿额度两个阶段,基于布迪厄的社会实践理论,构建资本禀赋与受偿意愿的理论分析框架,利用江西省和湖北省4个县(区)生态保护红线区微观调查数据,运用双栏模型实证分析资本禀赋对生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响。研究结果表明:(1)有效的人为活动限制补偿激励应不低于农户的平均受偿意愿,对应调查区域的补偿标准应不低于0.23万元/(户·a);(2)经济资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿和受偿额度均有显著的正向影响,其中农业收入比重、人口负担比和住房结构对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,劳动力数量和人均耕地面积对受偿额度具有正向影响;(3)文化资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿的影响不确定,但对受偿额度有显著的负向影响,其中村集体活动参与对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,外出打工经历对补偿参与意愿和受偿额度均有负向影响;(4)社会资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿有显著的正向影响,但对受偿额度的影响不确定,其中村干部信任程度和陌生人信任程度对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,邻居信任程度和贷款难易程度对受偿额度具有负向影响,手机联系人数和社会声望对受偿额度具有正向影响。因此,在未来的生态保护红线区生态补偿机制设计中,要分层分阶段推进人为活动限制补偿政策,充分重视农户的经济资本、文化资本和社会资本对其人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响。     

南水北调西线一期工程大渡河流域减水段生态水文浅析

南水北调西线一期工程调水前河流生态水文特征、调水对生态影响的研究对于进一步探讨有利于生态保护的水利工程调控措施具有重要意义。采用IHA方法分析大渡河流域调水区河流调水前的水文资料,提取对基本生态条件维护具有重要意义的月基流量作为特征流量,采用Tennant法评价基流量对生态的有利程度,以历史上曾经发生过的特征流量对生态的意义作为参照,对比分析一期调水工程实施后水文站月平均流量对生态的有利程度,间接推求坝址下游近坝段特征基流量,探究调水后月均流量对生态的有利程度。结果表明：随着沿程流量的恢复,绰斯甲站、足木足站河道水量得到恢复,调水后月平均流量对生态有利程度能达到较好状态;坝址下游河段调水后月平均流量的生态有利程度汛期较差,珠安达和霍那坝址下游6月份甚至为“极差”水平     

生态流量的法律表达及制度实现

生态流量制度是流域生态环境保护的重要制度保障,是水资源、水环境、水生态“三位一体”保障体系的重要组成部分,是满足水生态承载能力刚性约束的制度体现。目前,水资源开发利用以及水环境污染防治由《水法》以及《水污染防治法》做出了全面规定,而保障水生态功能实现的生态流量则作为水电工程环境影响评价制度的一个因子予以考量,这显然无法达成“维持水体生态功能”之目标。生态流量制度作为保护水生态功能的独立法律制度,应当在涉水立法中予以明确,同时形成完整的生态流量制度体系。基于此,本文对生态流量在立法中的法律表达提出制度建议,包括:①生态流量底线是为了满足流域及其周边区域原有生态系统功能所需要的水流数量以及水文过程的最低要求。生态流量底线制度包括生态流量底线的划定、生态流量监测以及生态流量底线的适应性管理。②流域生态流量协议,是在生态流量底线之上企业与政府达成的更高标准的生态流量约束,是企业与政府合作进行生态环境治理的新模式;是政府、企业、社会共同保障水生态的制度体现;它在公众参与的基础上形成流域规则嵌套,通过绿色水电认证提高企业落实的积极性。③生态流量法律责任制度依据生态流量底线和流域生态流量协议为用水主体设置的不同义务,分别规定了不同的法律责任。违反生态流量底线要求且拒不改正的按日连续处罚,体现出督促企业遵守生态流量底线要求的立法目的;仅违反流域生态流量协议而未突破生态流量底线要求的,则追究其违约责任,撤销其已享受的生态环境优惠,体现对其违背契约精神的惩罚。     

汽车电子BCI法与空间辐射法等效性研究

首先通过理论分析了线缆在电场中产生的电流大小,其次使用带状线装置产生均匀场强,通过测量找出线缆感应电流与场强之间的传输函数关系,从而验证了BCI法与空间辐射场的等效性,这为将来我国汽车电子BCI法制定合适的试验限值提供了参考。     

Alterations of protein profile in zebrafish liver cells exposed to methyl parathion: a membrane proteomics approach

Methyl parathion (MP) is an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide, which has been associated with a wide spectrum of toxic effects on environmental organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations of membrane protein profiles in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell line exposed to MP for 24 h using proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed a total of 13 protein spots, whose expression levels were significantly altered by MP. These differential proteins were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and nine proteins were identified to be membrane proteins, among which seven were up-regulated, while two were down-regulated. In addition, the mRNA levels corresponding to these differential membrane proteins were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. And the differential expression of arginase-2 was specially validated via Western blotting. Regarding the physiological functions, these proteins are involved in molecular chaperon, cytoskeleton system, cell metabolism, signal transduction, transport and hormone receptor respectively, suggesting the complexity of MP-mediated toxicity to ZFL cell. These data could provide useful insights for better understanding the hepatotoxic mechanisms of MP and develop novel protein biomarkers for effectively monitoring MP contamination level in aquatic environment.     

Dilo针刺无纺滤料生产线特性分析

通过与国内针刺生产设备的对比,对进口Dilo针刺技术的优势、设备构造、自动化性能,以及产品的指标参数等进行了阐述,认为采用先进生产设备不仅能够提高企业产品的产量和质量,而且对企业自身的发展有促进作用。     

Environmental friendly automated line for recovering the cabinet of waste refrigerator

A large amount of hazardous trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11) is contained in the polyurethane (PUR) foam of refrigerator cabinet. How to recover the cabinet of waste refrigerator with environmental awareness has been the pressing problem in the treatment of waste refrigerator. The published literature of waste refrigerator cabinets recovering mainly focuses on policy making and conceptual design. Little information relates to the production line of waste refrigerator cabinet recovering and its detailed operation, which is the urgent needed literature. In this paper, an environmental friendly production line for recovering the cabinet of waste refrigerators was reported for helping enterprise or government to construct line to recover the obsolete refrigerators. It included closed shearing process, activated carbon fiber absorption (ACFA) process, air current separation, and magnetic/eddy current separation. The optimized operating parameters of every process were obtained from the experiments. Then, experiment of recovering 50 waste refrigerator cabinets by the production line was performed in factory. Mass balances of the recovered materials were carried out. The result shown the recovery rate of waste refrigerator cabinet could reach 97.6%. Finally, comparison between the production line and other recovery technologies was made. The results indicated that the proposed line provided environment-friendly recovery of waste refrigerator cabinets while achieving low cost of production.     

Predicting the variation in detection function in line transect sampling through random parameter model

A method for calibrating (localizing) detection function models in line transect sampling is proposed. The method is based on a random parameter model which supplies localized predictions of detection function parameters utilizing a few sample data points from the concerned location(s). The method has the clear advantage of being able to provide density estimates based on very few observations from a location which would be impossible through traditional methods. The method is successfully illustrated using census data on sambar (Cervus unicolor) from a set of wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala, India. The need for further research in this direction is indicated.