粉煤灰微珠负载碘氧化铋复合催化剂的光催化性能

在固体废弃物粉煤灰微珠(FACs)上负载BiOI,通过水热法制备了BiOI/FACs复合催化剂。运用XRD、SEM、EDS、UV-VisDRS等技术对复合催化剂进行了分析表征。表征结果显示:FACs为壁薄中空的球形,粒径约100μm,壁厚约为3μm;BiOI为片状,直径约2μm,颗粒团聚成球花状;球花状的BiOI负载在FACs表面;BiOI/FACs复合催化剂主要含Fe、Si、Al、Bi、I、O等元素。BiOI/FACs复合光催化剂具有较高的可见光催化活性,禁带宽度为1.74 eV。采用4 g/L的BiOI/FACs复合催化剂处理10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,在300 W氙灯照射240 min后,亚甲基蓝去除率达91%。重复使用4次亚甲基蓝去除率仍达80%。     

Possible Use of Ash Residues for the Construction of Artificial Reefs at Sea

Utilization of ash residues, including coal ash, oil ash, and municipal solid waste combustion ash, for the construction of artificial reefs at sea has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world for nearly 20 years. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that an artificial reef made of stabillized ash-concrete (SAC) has had no adverse effect on the marine environment. Indeed, published studies have shown that fish counts increase around SAC reefs owing to an abundance of colonizing organisms and to protection provided by cavities within the reef structures. However, public and regulatory resistance to the use of SAC for artificial reef construction at sea is still very strong in certain countries due to concern for possible negative environmental impacts, primarily in the area of bioaccumulation of elements or compounds originating from the ash component of SAC.

In this paper, technological feasibility of using ash residues for artificial reef construction is presented, based on the available 20 years of scientific data, including engineering workability, physical integrity, chemical leaching potential and biological effects. More important, we also identify conceptual barriers for the acceptance of using SAC for the construction of ocean reefs and suggest approaches to overcome these barriers.     

Model Computations on Sequestration of Carbon in Managed Forests and Wood Products under Changing Climatic Conditions in Finland

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of forest management on carbon sequestration in forests and wood products by using a gap-type forest model interfaced with a wood product model. The assessment is based on total carbon sequestration, i.e. the amount of carbon left in vegetation, litter, soil organic matter and products when the flows of carbon back to the atmosphere have been subtracted. Thirty mixed-species stands, representing medium fertility sites in southern Finland, were included in each simulation for 300 years under current climatic conditions and predicted conditions of changing climate. The average total balance for the first 100 years was higher in the unmanaged system than in the managed system, but for the second and third 100-year periods the results were clearly opposite. Differences in the total balance between the treatments were larger during the first 100 years than over the whole 300-year period. Under conditions of changing climate, differences in carbon sequestration between management options were more pronounced than under current climatic conditions. Under current climatic conditions with the 100-year time frame, the ratio between the total annual balance and annual gross production was 0·208–0·289. Over the whole 300 years, however, efficiency was much lower, 0·088–0·121. Under changing climatic conditions, efficiency was also lower, 0·182–0·252 and 0·081–0·096, respectively. Different management alternatives clearly produced different amounts of timber for the production process; under conditions of changing climate, timber production was substantially enhanced. However, total carbon storages at the end of the simulation varied less than timber production. In the managed system, the flow back into the atmosphere was largest from litter, 41–51% of the total outflow, the flow from vegetation was 23–28%, from soil organic matter 22–25%, emissions from products 1–7%, and emissions from landfills 0–3%. If emissions due to the use of machinery in timber harvesting and transportation were included, they made up only 0·03–0·33% of the total outflow.     

自动砌块生产线噪声控制

为控制某外国制造的自动砌块生产线噪声污染。采取了合理布置生产厂房平面位置、合理设计厂房围护结构、给主要噪声源成型机加隔声罩等措施。由于噪声控制设计贯穿于工程建设全过程 ,因此不仅保证了噪声达标 ,而且节省了治理费用     

利用城市垃圾焚烧溶融灰渣制作透水性砖块

城市垃圾焚烧溶融灰渣，选择筛分不同粒径，混合配比添加木屑、烧结剂、淀粉等，烧结成透水性砖块，作性能试验考查弯曲强度和透水性能。本实验适用于垃圾焚烧灰渣、飞灰及下水污泥焚烧灰渣等的有效处理及资源化再利用。     

助磨剂作用下粉煤灰微细化机械力-化学的分析

研究了助磨剂作用下粉煤灰韵微细化过程。结果表明，助磨剂在不同粉磨阶段的作用机理不同，在相同的粉磨时间下提高了粉磨细度，改善了物料的颗粒分布，改变了颗粒形貌，还改变了粉磨物料的微观结构，加剧了物料的晶格畸变、晶格缺陷及无定形化，加速了物料结构中化学键的破坏，尤其是加剧了粉煤灰中Si-O化学键的断裂，从而增加了物料的反应活性。     

粉煤灰和煤矸石长期浸水后pH的动态变化

监测了不同粒径的煤矸石、粉煤灰及其不同配比的基质在水的长时间浸泡下，其pH的变化规律。并寻找出了适宜于作物生长的粉煤灰与煤矸石的最佳pH配比比例为4：1—8：1。为进一步就地取材，以废治废提供新的思路，可以减少煤矿区生态恢复的费用，具有很好的实际应用潜力。     

我国动力用煤煤灰自身固硫特性的统计分析

对１８６种我国典型动力用煤在实验室制灰条件下煤灰自身固硫特性的统计分析表明，含硫量越高的煤，其Ｃａ／Ｓ以及Ｍｇ／Ｓ、２Ｎａ／Ｓ和２Ｋ／Ｓ摩尔比一般越低，因而其煤灰固硫率也越低；钙对煤灰自身固硫起主要作用，固硫率随Ｃａ／Ｓ比的增加呈指数增加；而煤中其它碱性成分对固硫也起一定的作用．     

粉煤灰中植物营养元素赋存状态及应用

土壤化学分析表明 ,粉煤灰中一般含有丰富的矿质营养元素。这些营养元素的赋存状态决定了粉煤灰的供养能力和供养特点。通过对粉煤灰的粉晶X 射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察以及透射电镜分析、电子探针分析 ,揭示了粉煤灰中元素的赋存状态。粉煤灰中的营养元素主要赋存于玻璃相中。由于粉煤灰的玻璃质颗粒和矿物析晶体粒径细小、结构不稳定、活性很大 ,其中的营养元素易溶出。     

钙质煤渣脱硫剂与烟气脱硫的试验研究

利用锬本身排出的煤渣作硫剂基体核粒，配入少量的石灰，并加水搅拌均匀，使石灰裹覆在煤潭颗粒表面，制成具有较大 的钙质煤渣脱硫剂，并用于烟气脱硫（干法）试验。结果表明：脱硫率最高达８５．５％￣９４．６％，脱硫率大于８０％的运行时间达２ｈ，脱硫费用约为０．３３元／ｋｇ（ＳＯ２）。