藤茶绿枝扦插技术初探

使用NAA、IAA、IBA、ABT ,浓度分别为 10 0× 10 -6、2 0 0× 10 -6、30 0× 10 -6、5 0 0× 10 -6,基质分别为细炉灰渣、洁净河沙、湿锯末进行藤茶深枝扦插试验 ,试验结果表明 :半木质化枝条经 30 0 - 5 0 0× 10 -6NAA处理 3-5s ,基质用湿锯末 ,在 2 0 - 2 5℃温度下 ,相对湿度 90 %的大棚喷雾环境中 ,成苗率高、质量好     

Durability of conventional concretes containing black rice husk ash

In this study, black rice husk ash (BRHA) from a rice mill in Thailand was ground and used as a partial cement replacement. The durability of conventional concretes with high water–binder ratios was investigated including drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, depth of carbonation, and weight loss of concretes exposed to hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H₂SO₄) acid attacks. Two different replacement percentages of cement by BRHA, 20% and 40%, and three different water–binder ratios (0.6, 0.7 and 0.8) were used. The ratios of paste volume to void content of the compacted aggregate (γ) were 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6. As a result, when increasing the percentage replacement of BRHA, the drying shrinkage and depth of carbonation reaction of concretes increased. However, the BRHA provides a positive effect on the autogenous shrinkage and weight loss of concretes exposed to hydrochloric and sulfuric acid attacks. In addition, the resistance to acid attack was directly varied with the (SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃)/CaO ratio. Results show that ground BRHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material and also improve the durability of concrete.     

生活垃圾焚烧底渣中重金属和多环芳烃的浸出实验研究

随着生活垃圾焚烧处理方式的不断推广,焚烧底渣的产生量也不断增加。按照我国的固体废物分类方法,底渣属于一般固体废物,无需进一步处置而可直接进入环境。实验结果表明,底渣中的重金属和多环芳烃可以被浸出而迁移进入环境。重金属的浸出浓度受到水相pH值和底渣粒度的影响,初期的浸出浓度最大。在底渣浸出液中,可以检测到8种环数≤4的多环芳烃,其中菲的浸出浓度最大（超过10ng／mL）。实验结果显示,底渣中的多环芳烃对环境造成的二次污染比较严重。     

水泥对垃圾焚烧飞灰的固化处理试验研究

对垃圾焚烧飞灰的化学成分、重金属物质的含量及浸出浓度进行测试分析.结果表明,飞灰中Pb和Cr等重金属物质浸出量超过浸出毒性标准,因而被认为是危险废物,必须进行固化处理.还考察了水泥对焚烧飞灰中重金属物质固化的效果,研究表明当飞灰掺量适当时,重金属物质的固化效果良好.重金属物质通过物理固封、替代,沉淀反应和吸附等形式可固化进水泥水化产物结构中.     

Utilization of washed MSWI fly ash as partial cement substitute with the addition of dithiocarbamic chelate

The management of the big amount of fly ash as hazardous waste from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) has encountered many problems in China. In this study, a feasibility research on MSWI fly ash utilization as partial cement substitute in cement mortars was therefore carried out. MSWI fly ash was subjected to washing process to reduce its chlorine content (from 10.16% to 1.28%). Consequently, it was used in cement mortars. Ten percent and 20% replacement of cement by washed ash showed acceptable strength properties. In TCLP and 180-day monolithic tests, the mortars with washed ash presented a little stronger heavy metal leachability, but this fell to the blank level (mortar without washed ash) with the addition of 0.25% chelate. Therefore, this method is proposed as an environment-friendly technology to achieve a satisfactory solution for MSWI fly ash management.     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗盐产生量预测及其对资源可持续利用的影响分析

针对水泥窑协同处置飞灰水洗预处理过程中水洗盐产生量不清,资源化利用潜力不明晰的问题,采用情景分析方法预测水洗盐产生量,评估其资源利用潜力。首先采用改进的灰色马尔科夫模型和产废系数法预测2021-2030年京津冀地区飞灰产生量;然后选择水泥窑协同处置比、厨余垃圾分拣率和塑料垃圾分拣率3个参数,利用组合情景预测协同处置和生活垃圾分类对水洗盐产生的影响。结果显示,到2030年,水洗盐产生量为9.2×10⁴~16.5×10⁴ t;在实现“十四五”时期飞灰资源化和生活垃圾分类发展要求的情景下,水洗盐产生量为12.7×10⁴ t,比低发展水平情景提高28.7%。提高垃圾分拣率,推进高效、低耗能分盐技术发展,可以降低水洗盐处理压力并提高氯化钾自给率,支持水洗盐资源可持续利用。     

粉煤灰-H2O2催化氧化水中对氨基苯酚的试验研究

研究了利用电厂粉煤灰作为非均相催化剂,催化H2O2氧化对氨基苯酚(PAP),讨论了各种因素对PAP去除率的影响.结果表明,在30℃,pH=1.5,H2O2和PAP的起始浓度分别为0.50 mol/L和0.10 mol/L,反应时间为100min,粉煤灰用量为6.0%,搅拌速度为1000r/min的条件下,粉煤灰具有良好的催化活性,能有效地催化H2O2氧化PAP,PAP的去除率可达81%左右.该法可用于预处理含PAP的工业废水.     

由粉煤灰提取高纯纳米氧化铝活化过程研究

使用煅烧-沥滤新工艺从粉煤灰中提取高纯氧化铝,探讨了活化过程中活化剂的选择、煅烧工艺等因素对粉煤灰活化过程的影响,结果表明:选用Na2CO3为活化剂,900℃下煅烧2h,粉煤灰被充分活化,可以制得晶型结构为α-Al2O3的纳米粉体,形态为类球状,平均粒径为30-50nm,纯度大于99.6%.该方法具有提取率高、能耗低、污染小、易于操作等优点.     

Restoration of fly ash dump through biological interventions

Field experiment on 10 ha area of fly ash dump was conducted to restore and revegetate it using biological interventions, which involves use of organic amendment, selection of suitable plant species along with specialized nitrogen fixing strains of biofertilizer. The results of the study indicated that amendment with farm yard manure at 50 t/ha improved the physical properties of fly ash such as maximum water holding capacity from 40.0 to 62.42% while porosity improved from 56.78 to 58.45%. The nitrogen content was increased by 4.5 times due to addition of nitrogen fixing strains of Bradyrhizobium and Azotobacter species, while phosphate content was increased by 10.0 times due to addition of VAM, which helps in phosphate immobilization. Due to biofertilizer inoculation different microbial groups such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter and VAM spores, which were practically absent in fly ash improved to 7.1 × 10⁷, 9.2 × 10⁷ CFU/g and 35 VAM spores/10 g of fly ash, respectively. Inoculation of biofertilizer and application of FYM helped in reducing the toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, nickel and lead which were reduced by 25, 46, 48 and 47%, respectively, due to the increased organic matter content in the fly ash which complexes the heavy metals thereby decreasing the toxicity of metals. Amendment of fly ash with FYM and biofertilizer helped in profuse root development showing 15 times higher growth in Dendrocalamus strictus plant as compared to the control. Thus amendment and biofertilizer application provided better supportive material for anchorage and growth of the plant.     

我国脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料及混合材的综合利用现状

阐述了固废物脱硫灰的成分与特点以及目前我国对脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料和混合材的利用现状,并分析了影响脱硫灰渣利用的主要问题和资源化利用提出的建议,对脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料及混合材的进一步发展和推广提供一些有益的参考。