近20年大、小凌河入海径流量和输沙量变化及其驱动力分析

利用大、小凌河1988—2007年的流量和输沙量资料,阐述了这2条河流入海径流量和输沙量的年内分配特征,应用Mann-Kendall秩检验法分析了其多年变化特征,并进一步探讨了2条河流入海径流和输沙量变化的驱动力. 结果表明:大、小凌河入海径流量和输沙量的年内分配极不均衡,分别有60%和90%以上集中在汛期(6—9月);近20年来,大、小凌河入海径流量和输沙量年际变化趋势基本一致. 1999年为2条河流入海径流量和输沙量年际变化的突变年,1999年前呈增大趋势,而从1999年开始明显减少. 流域降水变化可能是促使大、小凌河入海径流量和输沙量变化的主要原因,同时人类活动的影响也起到了较大的促进作用.      

Assesment of the response of a shallow macrotidal estuary to changes in hydrological and wastewater inputs through numerical modelling

The aim of this study was to investigate the response to short-term changes in river freshwater discharges and in nutrients loadings (mainly from the treatment of urban wastewater), of the shallow macrotidal Urdaibai estuary (north of Spain), by using numerical tools. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a water quality model were applied to the estuary, in order to better use it as a prediction tool in the study of the effects of variations in hydrodynamic conditions and in waste water inputs. The model was calibrated and verified using data measured under different hydrological conditions (spring and summer). A model calibration was carried out with field data measured during the summer, while the model validation was conducted for spring conditions. The calibration process allowed the model parameter definition, while the model validation permitted the verification of the calibrated parameters under different environmental conditions. The model results were in reasonable agreement with field measurements, in both the calibration and the validation phases. The model showed a significant decrease in phytoplankton concentration with river input increase. A study on the effects of nutrient input reduction from the Gernika Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) was conducted. It showed a decrease in phytoplankton concentration with decreasing levels of nutrient discharge. This reduction was more pronounced in conjunction with the highest river discharge. In that case, a 50% decrease for the elimination of the WWTP discharge was observed.     

高压脉冲放电与臭氧氧化联用降解水中对氯苯酚

研究高压脉冲放电与臭氧协同降解水中对氯苯酚影响因素的结果表明,250mg/L对氯苯酚处理30min后降解率达96%.臭氧浓度、自由基捕获剂以及电极之间的距离均可影响对氯苯酚的降解率.增加臭氧浓度及降低电极之间的距离,提高了对氯苯酚的降解率;加入自由基捕获剂,降低了对氯苯酚的降解率.     

丘陵地区流域土地利用对氮素径流输出的影响

氮素是地表水体富营养化的一个限制因子,土地利用对农业非点源污染的氮素输出具有重要的影响.以位于亚热带低山丘陵地区的安徽省南部宣城市梅村流域为实例,通过航空遥感图像解译、GIS分析和实地定位动态监测方法,研究了具有不同土地利用结构的农-林生态系统地表径流水的氮素含量和输出通量及其与土地利用的定量关系.结果表明:氮素的输出以NO₃^--N的输出为主,土地利用类型或土地利用格局对径流水中氮素的含量和输出具有非常显著的影响.在同一种土地利用结构系统下,NO₃^--N与T-N的含量间具有极显著的正线性关系;而只有林地-水塘系统下,NH₄⁺-N与T-N的含量间有极显著线性关系.而各类氮素的输出量间都具有极显著正的线性相关关系.各类氮素的输出量都与土地利用类型具有指数相关性,林地、水塘对氮素输出具有负效应,而水田和村庄则具有正效应.同时,土地利用类型对径流中氮素的含量也有影响.     

电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫工业化试验

在四川绵阳5000-20000 m3／h装置上进行了电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫试验。试验结果表明,水蒸气／氨放电活化均能够提高烟气脱硫效率。在水蒸气／氨活化及脉冲电晕联合作用下,烟气温度60-70℃,烟气含湿总量约10％,SO2初始体积分数1500×10-6,氨硫摩尔比2:1,系统耗能率约为4 W·h／m3时,脱硫效率达到93％,形成的副产物中(NH4)2SO4与(NH4)2SO3的质量比大于95:5。     

温度与湿度对氨为添加剂脉冲放电烟气脱硫的影响

对脉冲放电烟气脱硫的实验研究与理论分析表明,ＳＯ２的除主要取决于ＮＨ３与ＳＯ２热化学反应;在单位体积烟气注入能量为０－５Ｗ·ｈ／ｍ＾,脉冲放电使ＳＯ２脱率提高０－２５％,脱硫产物的主要组分是（ＮＨ２）２ＳＯ４,其含量随着单位体积烟气注入能量的增加而增大气光单位体积烟气注入能量为３Ｗ·ｈ／ｍ＾３,停留时间小于１０ｓ工业应用许可的范围内,烟气脱硫最佳温度为６０－６５℃,最佳含水体积分数为９－１１％。     

对燃气轮机发电厂NOx排放执行标准问题的探讨

针对实际工作中,燃气轮机发电厂ＮＯｘ排放情况,就燃气轮机发电厂执行大气污染物排放标准问题进行了讨论。     

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN STORM FLOW VS. DRY WEATHER DISCHARGES IN CALIFORNIA STORM WATER CONVEYANCES1

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated concentration data for selected water quality parameters in selected California urban separate storm sewer systems during storm event discharges and during dry weather conditions. We used existing monitoring data from multiple regulatory agencies and municipalities originally collected for compliance or local characterization, which allowed systematic assessment of seasonal patterns over a wide region. Long term mean concentration for most parameters in most streams was higher during storm discharges than during dry weather flows to at least 95 percent confidence in 20 of 45 comparative evaluations, and lower statistical confidence in 22 other comparisons. Some regional differences emerged: in four evaluated streams in the San Francisco Bay Area, total concentration of lead, copper and zinc were lower during dry weather than during storm flows to at least 99.9 percent confidence, with only one exception; while the other four evaluated California streams showed the same tendency, but to much lower statistical confidence.     

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”. ● Salts transferred from seawater to treated wastewater until completely switch. ● Process demonstrated using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system. ● High-quality desalinated water obtained at ~1 mL/min consuming < 1 kWh/m ³ energy. Two-thirds of the world’s population has limited access to potable water. As we continue to use up our freshwater resources, new and improved techniques for potable water production are warranted. Here, we present a general concept called “salinity exchange” that transfers salts from seawater or brackish water to treated wastewater until their salinity values approximately switch, thus producing wastewater with an increased salinity for discharge and desalinated seawater as the potable water source. We have demonstrated this process using electrodialysis. Salinity exchange has been successfully achieved between influents of different salinities under various operating conditions. Laboratory-scale salinity exchange electrodialysis (SEE) systems can produce high-quality desalinated water at ~1 mL/min with an energy consumption less than 1 kWh/m³. SEE has also been operated using real water, and the challenges of its implementation at a larger scale are evaluated.     

等离子体催化脱氮的实验研究

研究了等离子体和催化剂共同作用下氮氧化物的脱除情况 ,催化剂采用分子筛Cu ZSM 5。实验证明 ,在有催化剂存在的条件下 ,等离子体反应器的脱氮效率有了很大的提高 ,同时电源功率、烟气成分、温度、添加剂也都是影响实验结果的重要因素。