Synergistic effects of non-thermal plasma-assisted catalyst and ultrasound on toluene removal

A wire-mesh catalyst coated by La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ was combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for toluene removal at atmospheric pressure. It was found that toluene removal efficiency and carbon dioxide selectivity were enhanced in the catalytic packed-bed reactor. In addition, ozone and nitrogen monoxide from the gas effluent byproducts decreased. This is the first time that ultrasound combined with plasma has been used for toluene removal. A synergistic effect on toluene removal was observed in the plasma-assisted ultrasound system. At the same time, the system increased toluene conversion and reduced ozone emission.     

催化氧化法处理循环水排污水

用催化氧化法处理循环水排污水,探索了催化氧化反应的规律,得到了较佳的反应条件。实验结果表明,采用催化氧化法处理循环水排污水可大幅降低废水的COD,使处理后污水的COD<60 mg/L,满足达标排放的水质要求。     

感潮河流的排污规划与管理模型研究

根据河流水质的差分模型,推导出一个感潮河流的排污规划与管理模型,它表现了河段上各排口允排量Ｐｊ与各排口单独排放时的允排量Ｙｊ的关系：ΣＰｊ／Ｙｊ＝１。文中用实例阐述了该模型的应用与验证情况,结果显示：该模型结构简单,容易计算,能方便地用于排污规划、管理与实时控制工作中。     

排污许可证制度在环境管理中发挥重要作用

围绕我国近年来排放大气污染物许可证制度试点工作的实践经验,阐述了排污许可证制度在环境管理中的重要作用,提出了2000年前,在我国大气环境管理中推行排污许可证制度的设想,进而说明试点上作的实践,为将排污许可证制度纳入新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》中,提供了宝贵的经验。      

淮河流域省界水质标准的确定——以淮河流域为例

省界水质标准确定是流域环境管理的重要工作。本文运用冲突分析理论研究边界水质标准确定问题,提出了排污总量分配公平性的准则,详细阐述了边界水质标准确定的必要性、基本原则、技术步骤和计算方法。以沙颖河－淮河干流水系为例进行的实例研究得出了该水系的省界水质标准。本文的研究成果对于跨边界河流的水环境管理具有重要指导意义。     

醋酸乙烯酯卸料系统的改进

介绍了卸料系统改造前的状况,对卸料系统流程和操作步骤的改造。改造后保证了腈纶装置安全运行,减少了环境污染,减轻了工人的劳动强度。     

公路隧道空气净化的实验研究

随着交通事业的发展,公路隧道,特别是长大隧道,在整个线路中所占的比重越来越大。由于隧道是个相对闭塞的空间,污染空气不易扩散,致使隧道空气中污染物质的浓度不断增加。目前,国内外普遍采用通风换气法来稀释、控制隧道空气中污染物的浓度,使其达到环保要求。对长大隧道,有时不得不增大隧道断面或设置通风竖井,以满足通风要求。这必然导致增大初期投资和运行费用。因此,国际上正在探索新的技术途径来治理公路长隧道空气污染问题。笔者用脉冲电晕放电技术对公路隧道中的污染空气进行了净化实验研究。实验取得满意效果,除尘效率达９０％ 以上,ＣＯ氧化脱除率可达７０％ 。该技术为解决公路长隧道污染空气的就地净化问题提供了一条新的途径。     

抓住机遇创新开拓打好天津市环境保护“一控双达标”攻坚战

本文全面回顾了１９９８年天津市环境保护工作,分析了当前形势以及进一步做好工作应把握的几个问题。围绕抓住机遇,打好天津市环境保护“一控双达标”攻坚战,提出了１９９９年的工作目标任务及具体措施。     

基于水质目标的流域排放管控模式与案例研究

改善流域水质是目前我国生态环境治理的重要议题,然而我国目前的流域水污染排放管控体系和手段还存在诸多不足,在流域尺度还未形成一套系统性的水污染管控体系。本研究提出了一种基于水环境质量目标的流域排放管控体系,构建了三种具有一定普适性的排放管控模式,并以成都江安河流域为案例开展实证研究,对比了三种模式在固定源排放管控方面的差异性和适用性。结果表明,本研究提出的管控模式能很好地实现水质达标目的,并能够不同程度地提高不同时段水环境容量的利用率。在相同的边界条件下,流域标准管控模式的方案和流域精细管控模式的方案对于固定源的逐月允许排放量分别为流域简化管控模式的1.3~1.6倍和1.5~2.0倍。     

FOG AND ACIDIFICATION IMPACTS ON ION BUDGETS OF BASINS IN NOVA SCOTIA,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: We examined hydrogeochemical records for a dozen watersheds in and near Kejimkujik National Park in southwestern Nova Scotia by relating stream ion concentrations and fluxes to atmospheric deposition, stream type (lake inlet versus outlet; brown versus clear water), and watershed type (catchment area, topography, soils, and dominant forest cover type). We found that fog and dry deposition make important contributions to S, N, Cl, H, Ca, Mg, K, and Na inputs into these watersheds. Seasalt chloride deposition from rain, snow, fog, and dry deposition equal total stream outputs on a region‐wide basis. Chloride outputs, however, differ among watersheds by a factor of about two, likely due to local differences in air flow and vegetational fog interception. We found that most of the incoming N is absorbed by the vegetation, as stream water NO3^‐ and NH4⁺ are very low. Our results also show that the vegetation and the soils absorb about half of the incoming SO4². In comparison with other North American watersheds with similar forest vegetation, Ca outputs are low, while Mg and K outputs are similar to other regions. Soil exchangeable Ca and soil cation exchange capacity are also very low. We found that first‐order forest streams with no upstream lakes have a distinct seasonal pattern that neither corresponds with the seasonal pattern of atmospheric deposition, nor with the seasonal pattern of downstream lake outlets.