粉尘爆炸泄压面积计算及影响因素分析

随着涉粉行业各类企业数量的增长,以及粉尘爆炸产生的巨大危害,企业对粉尘泄爆、防爆越来越重视。在粉尘泄爆方面,泄爆装置的泄放面积影响最大泄爆压力,国内外不同标准的计算方法也有区别,因此针对不同标准的计算方法做出了比较并举例计算说明,为泄爆装置尺寸的选择提供理论依据。     

大数据技术在环境执法工作中的应用研究

随着大数据技术在各领域的逐步应用,已经有不少成功的案例来证明其确实可以解决之前通过常规信息化手段无法解决的问题;特别是在将大数据与人工智能结合以后,基于底层海量数据的"智能"分析,对于实时性要求比较高的业务的决策辅助,有非常好的应用效果.而环境保护管理工作复杂、专业、涉及面广、信息量大的特点,非常适合采用大数据技术;特别对于排污企业的执法检查工作,通过打造"环境大数据平台"为环境执法者提供第二个大脑,将真正为环境执法工作对精细化、精准化发展的目标服务.     

热光法测量扬尘碳组分的激光分割点偏移

为探讨热光法测量扬尘碳组分的激光分割点偏移（LSPS）的特点和原因,并提出偏移数据的处理方法,选择西宁市、沈阳市、淄博市、十堰市和新疆乌昌石地区共607个扬尘（道路扬尘、城市二次扬尘、土壤扬尘）样品,通过再悬浮采样器获取PM_2.5滤膜样品,使用DRI2001A型碳分析仪结合透射法测量碳组分.结果表明：道路扬尘和城市二次扬尘在碳分析过程中会有不超过10%的样品发生前偏现象,该现象主要受碳酸盐碳（CC）和元素组分的影响;当CC占总碳（TC）的百分比大于9%时,加酸方法可解决前偏问题.土壤扬尘中有40%~90%的样品会发生后偏现象,原因是其元素碳（EC）含量过低（EC/TC<10.7%）,导致灼烧过程残留的耐热物质Fe₂O₃对激光的干扰大于EC对激光的吸收.针对以上偏移问题,采用归零法和替代法对偏移数据进行处理.基于与参比值比较,归零法和替代法得到的OC相对偏差分别为0.1%~10.3%和0.1%~2.9%,EC相对偏差分别为2.1%~52.5%和0.1%~20.6%,远低于偏移引起的相对偏差（0.6%~13.8%和66.6%~149.6%）,且替代法处理效果优于归零法.     

Analysis on the long term discharge of a catchment

In this study, the characteristics of the long term discharge of a Terraced Paddy Field Catchment are studied. 2 Kind of Tank Models are proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment. The characteristics of the model simulations of the discharge of the catchment are analyzed and compared with those of a forest catchment.     

Coastal changes in the Ebro delta: Natural and human factors

The development of the delta of the River Ebro (Ebre) has, during recent centuries, been controlled by both natural and man-induced factors. Deforestation by man of the Ebro drainage basin favoured a fast progradation of the deltaic system until this century, when many dams were constructed along the river Ebro and its tributaries. As the sediment load of the river has been retained behind the dams, the river sediment discharge has been drastically reduced and erosive processes have become dominant in the Ebro delta coastal area, changing it from a river-wave to a sea-wave-dominated coast. This situation leads to a reshaping of the nearshore delta area and a redistribution of the pre-existing beach sediment, and significant erosion has already occurred in some zones. If these conditions continue in the future, severe changes will take place in the Ebro delta, in addition to the effects of a relative sea level rise. The future development of this delta may be similar to that of abandoned deltaic lobes, but faster. The present study shows, how coastal changes generated by anthropogenic factors can be faster and more drastic than those induced only by natural factors.     

SBR改良工艺处理北京市城乡结合部污水的研究

通过采用SBR改良工艺处理城乡结合部生活污水的试验,根据城乡结合部污水的特点,采用SBR改良工艺,研究工艺的处理效果、水量波动和排水位置对处理效果的影响。结果表明,SBR改良工艺对城乡结合部污水有良好的处理效果;SBR改良工艺耐冲击负荷能力大,在连续2倍进水量的情况下,仍有良好的处理效果;降低排水位置对出水SS有一定的影响,但SBR工艺的污泥沉降效果好。     

Dechlorination of chlorophenols by zero valent iron impregnated silica

Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the efficacy of uniquely prepared zero valent iron impregnated silica in transforming xenobiotic chlorophenols namely 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Continuous mode column experiments were performed to investigate the transformation of chlorophenols by varying pH, column height, flow rate and initial chlorophenol concentration. Reusability study of the zero valent iron impregnated silica was studied as well as the morphological changes and the chemical composition of the catalyst medium were also investigated. Dechlorination kinetic studies were conducted and the order of dechlorination of chlorophenols was found to be 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol. The optimum pH, column height and flow rate were found to be 7, 20 cm and 0.75 L/hr respectively for all chlorophenols in the reaction duration of 4 hr. Intermediates formed during dechlorination study were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. This method was applied to real pulp and paper wastewater and was found satisfactory.     

液相放电-电极催化对罗丹明B的脱色研究

放电系统中加入TiO2催化剂能更有效地利用等离子体中各种高能量而产生氧化性高的.OH。文章以Ti为阳极,在直流电压下产生弧光放电,研究了其作用于罗丹明B模拟的印染废水的脱色效率,得到最佳放电电压、电极没水深度、电解质Na2SO4浓度、初始pH、罗丹明B初始浓度值,脱色率>95%。通过与W、Al电极比较,发现Ti电极上形成的氧化膜能增强放电强度,且有催化作用,不同电压下脱色反应速率系数提高23.7%~149%。结果表明,Ti阳极上形成了液相放电-电极催化自然集成的体系,在废水处理中是有发展前景的技术。     

介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性研究

臭氧由于具有强氧化性,在众多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文通过试验研究了介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性。结果表明:外加电压增大时,臭氧浓度和产速都不断增大,臭氧产率则是先增长,达到最大值后又开始略微下降;气体流速增大时,臭氧浓度不断减小,而臭氧产速和产率都是先增长,达到最大值后又开始下降;电源频率在5.0～9.9kHz范围内改变时,臭氧浓度、产速和产率变化不明显;当电介质厚度不变时,在0.3～0.5mm范围内改变间隙厚度,小间隙厚度优势不明显。     

基于流域尺度的农业非点源污染物空间排放特征与总量控制研究

农业非点源污染是导致流域水质恶化的重要原因之一.依据农业污染源主要污染物空间排放特征和排放强度分析,划分农业非点源污染空间管理分区,并研究设计分区污染物总量控制方案,是提高农业非点源污染控制成效的重要途径之一.以湖北省四湖流域为研究案例区,系统开展了流域尺度的农业非点源污染空间排放特征识别与总量控制研究.结果表明,四湖流域水环境COD、总氮、总磷、氨氮负荷主要来自于农业非点源污染,4类非点源污染物分别占到流域污染物排放总量的67.6％、 82.2％、 84.7％和50.9％.对四湖流域非点源污染物空间排放特征分析结果表明,水产和畜禽养殖业发达的洪湖、监利、潜江、沙洋地区是流域非点源污染物的主要贡献源区.根据污染物在流域空间上的排放特征和源强评价结果,将四湖流域划分为3个农业非点源污染管理分区,即长湖上游水产和畜禽养殖污染重点控制区、四湖干渠农村非点源污染综合控制区和洪湖水产养殖污染重点控制区,针对不同管理分区分别提出了污染控制措施.基于水质改善和水体纳污能力综合考虑,设计了针对3个非点源污染管理分区的总量控制方案,分阶段实现监测断面全指标达标和满足水体纳污能力要求.主要污染物中,COD主要削减区域为四湖干渠区和洪湖区,分别占到流域COD削减量的43％和42％;氨氮主要削减区域为四湖干渠区,占到氨氮总削减量的66％;总氮主要削减区域为四湖干渠区和洪湖区,分别占到流域总氮削减量的42％和31％;总磷主要削减区域为四湖干渠区,占到流域总磷削减量的53％.