黄钠铁矾渣制备透明氧化铁黄的研究

研究了以黄钠铁矾渣为原料,采用滴加法制备透明铁黄的工艺条件,讨论了亚铁浓度、温度、通气量、搅拌速度及添加剂用量等因素对铁黄制备的影响.用XRD和TEM对产品进行表征.结果表明,铁黄粒子呈针状;长轴为95～125 nm,短轴为18～25 nm;无团聚现象,单分散性好.     

脉冲电晕低温等离子体提高一氧化氮氧化效率的实验研究

提高一氧化氮（NO）的氧化效率对于提高生物法处理该类废气的净化效率具有重要意义。实验研究了低温等离子体在脉冲电晕条件下氧化废气中NO的过程,考察了不同峰值电压、氧气含量、气体停留时间和添加有机物等因素对提高NO氧化效率的影响。结果表明：低温等离子法可有效地提高NO的氧化效率,主要产物为NO₂;室温条件下,当进气NO浓度590 mg/m³、脉冲频率50 Hz时,增大峰值电压、气体停留时间和进气中的氧气含量可提高NO的氧化效率;在最适峰值电压15 kV,气体停留时间5 s时,NO氧化效率为20%;在进气NO中添加甲苯、乙醇后,NO氧化效率可增加至30%以上,甲苯的效果要好于乙醇。     

Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.     

废水中环氧丙烷降解菌株的培育及降解效果研究

本文通过对污泥的驯化筛选得到4株降解环氧丙烷废水的优势茵A、B、C、D,并对降解效果最好的一个菌株A进行研究,得到其最佳降解条件是温度为30℃、pH为5、废水浓度为20％、反应时间为9h,其COD去除率可达到63．24％左右。     

聚硅酸锌铝的制备及其性能研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸铝为原料,通过共聚法制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸锌铝（PSZAS）,研究了Na₂SiO₃的摩尔浓度、活化时间、Al/Si、Zn/Si 配比及絮凝剂的投加量对絮凝效果的影响,用X-射线衍射（XRD）和电子扫描电镜（SEM）对该絮凝剂的结构及形貌进行了表征。结果表明：当硅酸钠的浓度为0.4 mol/L,硅酸活化时间为2 h,Si∶Al∶Zn=1∶1∶1.5,絮凝剂投加量为20 mL/L废水时,絮凝剂的电中和能力和吸附架桥能力最强,絮凝剂对含H-酸染料模拟废水的絮凝效果最好。     

双硫腙-CTMAB光度法测定锌的研究

在硼砂 -氢氧化钠缓冲溶液 (p H=1 1 .0 )中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲胺 (CTMAB)存在下双硫腙与锌生成可溶于水的 2∶ 1红色络合物 ,λmax=540 nm ,ε=7.3 0× 1 0 4 L· cm-1· mol-1,锌含量在 0～ 0 .6mg/L内符合比耳定律。本法可用于水样中锌含量的测定     

Disequilibrium and Indivisibility of Pollution Control Equipment Under a Permit-Trading System: A Case Study of Kao-Hsiung and Ping-Tung Counties in Taiwan

A mixed-integer programming model that minimizes the social abatement cost is used to investigate whether a market equilibrium condition could be reached in a newly proposed permit-trading market for nitrogen oxide control in Taiwan. Unlike in previous studies, unit pollution abatement cost is determined endogenously by incorporating technology adoption as a binary decision variable. The results show that when technologies are lumpy and irreversible, disequilibrium might occur due to firms’ inability to manage their emission levels after installing equipment with fixed size and control capacity.

上海浦东国际机场飞机尾气排放对机场附近空气质量的影响

统计2012年10月和11月浦东机场飞机机型和航班架次,根据各类飞机起降的污染物排放设计工作参数,估算出2012年浦东机场飞机起降时排放的NO2、SO2、CO和HC的估算值。利用浦东新区13个空气监测子站二氧化氮和二氧化硫数据绘制等值线图。结果显示,机场所在的江镇点位和祝桥点位二氧化氮浓度变化受飞机影响很大,而飞机排放的二氧化硫对两个点位的影响可以忽略不计。建议采用改进飞机滑行路线、探讨征收飞机碳排放税等措施减少飞机尾气排放对空气质量的影响。     

铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤铅源的铅同位素示踪

以某铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤为研究对象,通过对其原料及周边土壤中铅含量的检测,结果显示：该冶炼厂周边土壤铅质量比在22.73mg/kg～126.51mg/kg之间,平均值为42.68mg/kg,是当地土壤铅背景值的1.85倍.采用铅质量比空间分布分析和同位素混合模型计算分析了冶炼厂周边土壤中铅的可能来源,分析表明：土壤铅质量比的空间分布及铅同位素比值与冶炼厂的焦化原料煤相近,焦化原料煤对周边土壤铅污染贡献最大.