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This paper reports a choice experiment used to estimate the value of street trees in the city center of Lodz, Poland, and the broader context of how valuation results helped to improve governance of urban ecosystem services in this city. Based on a simplified inventory of trees, we prepared a set of hypothetical programs which put varying emphasis on the different ways to increase the numbers of trees, along with different levels of a hypothetical tax that would have to be paid by respondents to implement a given program. Our study indicated that the 351 surveyed Lodz residents were willing to pay the highest price for greening those streets where currently there are few or no trees and confirmed the general importance of planting trees. The results provided an argument in the debate on the new development strategy for the city and helped to promote the concept of ecosystem services. 相似文献
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电路板插槽元器件、通孔元器件、大元器件和小元器件的拆卸是废旧电路板资源化的第一步。前三者的拆卸率对后续的电路板粉碎有较大影响,是决定拆卸效果的重要参数。为探究工业余热拆卸废旧电路板方法中通气温度、加热时间和喷吹次数对元器件拆卸率的影响,找出最优的拆卸参数组合,进行了废旧电路板拆卸的正交实验。对元器件拆卸率、关键元器件总拆卸率的极差分析和方差分析表明,通气温度和加热时间的增大有利于元器件拆卸率增大;增加喷吹次数,有利于大元器件和小元器件的拆卸,但过多次数喷吹将造成插槽、通孔元器件引脚弯曲,拆卸率减小;通气温度、加热时间对元器件拆卸的影响不具显著性,喷吹次数仅对大元器件拆卸有显著性影响。综合分析关键元器件的拆卸率:通气温度350℃、加热时间5 min和喷吹6次是最优的拆卸参数组合,关键元器件总拆卸率达到98.6%。 相似文献
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天然黄铁矿的除磷性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
除磷是控制水体富营养化的重要手段。为了考察黄铁矿的除磷特征,采用序批实验,分别研究了反应时间、初始磷浓度和干扰离子(NH4+、NO3- 和SO24-)对黄铁矿除磷的影响。动力学表明,黄铁矿的除磷过程符合伪二级动力学模型。pH=6.5时,磷的平衡去除量为6.82mg/kg。Langmuir方程能较好描述黄铁矿除磷的吸附等温过程,其磷的饱和吸附量为11.01mg/kg。NH4+、NO3-和SO24- 对黄铁矿除磷基本没有影响。磷的去除主要是通过铁磷沉淀和铁氧化物及氢氧化物的吸附,去除的磷主要以可被生物利用的Fe、Al-P形态存在。黄铁矿的这些除磷性能和机制对选取黄铁矿作为人工湿地填料实现同步脱氮除磷具有重要指导作用。 相似文献
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文章简要描述了一起消防气体灭火钢质气瓶爆炸事故,对爆炸气瓶进行了断口分析、金相试验和理化试验,并分析了事故的原因,提醒制造厂家规范制造工艺,对预防类似事故的发生具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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Pool evaporation is a major source of flammable vapour clouds. Predicting the evaporation rate of a liquid hydrocarbon pool is therefore a key issue of dispersion modelling for safety concerns. This paper presents small- and medium-scale experiments of pool evaporation carried out with liquid hydrocarbons (pentane, heptane), hydrocarbon “gasoline-like” mixtures and gasoline. Liquid mass loss was measured and the evaporation rate deduced with its evolution in time. Other observations are highlighted, regarding the evolution of liquid temperatures, mixture compositions, and scale effects like the influence of pool length on surface evaporation rate. Comparisons with well-known correlations are then shown. The authors finally suggest a new semi-empirical correlation with a set of parameters fitted on the performed experiments. 相似文献
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Salah-Eddine Bendimerad Amar Tilmatine Karim Medles Mohamed Miloudi Youssouf Brahami Lucien Dascalescu 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2014,7(4):284-292
Among the separation techniques used in industries, the triboelectric separation of insulating particles using a rotary tube is an effective way employed in the waste recovery of plastic and mineral products. This process, also called free-fall triboelectric separation, is widely used for the sorting of granular mixtures resulting from industrial plastic wastes. Given that the robustness of such a separation process is an important issue, a standard procedure is used for determining the set point and for minimising the process sensitivity of sorting mixed particles of different polymers to changes in the values of some critical factors. The aim of this paper was to analyse the efficiency of the triboelectric separation process of polymers with respect to any slight variation in the values of the most significant factors. Experiments with a sample of high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride plastic granules were carried out on a laboratory experimental bench. Several one-factor-at-a-time experiments, followed by two factorial designs (one composite and the other fractional), were performed based on the following experimental procedure: (1) determination of the variation limits of the input variables; (2) identification of the set point and (3) robustness testing of the process, i.e. testing whether the performance of the system remains high even when the factors vary slightly around the set point. 相似文献