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排序方式: 共有405条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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基于中国绿洲喜凉作物(chimonophilous crop)分布区39个站点1960~2016年逐日平均气温资料,运用线性趋势法、反距离加权插值(IDW)、Morlet小波、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,研究中国绿洲喜凉作物气候生长期的时空变化对变暖停滞的响应.结果表明:①变暖停滞期,中国绿洲喜凉作物气候生长期起、止日及生长期日数以-0.2d/10a、0.33d/10a、0.53d/10a的趋势变化,较1960~2016年起始日提前趋势减缓1.01d/10a,终止日推迟减缓1.28d/10a,生长期日数延长减缓2.3d/10a,对变暖停滞有响应.②中国绿洲喜凉作物气候生长期起始日对变暖停滞响应的站点有44%,终止日和生长期日数均为49%,主要分布在南疆、柴达木盆地和河西绿洲,其中河西绿洲对变暖停滞响应最明显,南疆次之,柴达木最小,而北疆绿洲不存在滞缓现象,显然空间差异明显.③M-K检验显示,中国绿洲喜凉作物气候生长期起、止日及生长期日数分别在2001年、1990年和1997年发生突变,起始日晚于变暖停滞起始年份,终止日和生长期日数早于变暖停滞起始年,且分绿洲生长期日数突变年与变暖停滞起始年相接近.④Morlet小波得出变暖停滞期其变化稳定存在2.4~4.3a的震荡周期,表明未来几年中国绿洲喜凉作物气候生长期仍持续延长. 相似文献
3.
Kalra N Jain MC Joshi HC Chaudhary R Kumar S Pathak H Sharma SK Kumar V Kumar R Harit RC Khan SA Hussain MZ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(1):93-109
Field experiments were carried out during 1996–97at Gulawathi, Muthiani and Salarpur Villages, IARI Farm, NewDelhi and NCPP Campus, Dadri to evaluate changes in soilcharacteristics and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),mustard (Brassica juncea L.), lentil (Lence esculentaMoench.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) byvarying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha-1) in soils atsowing/transplanting time of crops. Flyash addition in areasadjoining NCPP Thermal Power Plant, Dadri, Ghaziabad, U.P.ranged from 5–12 t ha-1 yr-1 in 1995–96. Shoot and root growthand yield of test crops at different locations after flyashincorporation resulted in beneficial effects of flyashaddition in most cases. The silt dominant texture of flyashimproved loamy sand to sandy loam textures of the surfacesoils at the farmers' fields. The increased growth in yield ofcrops with flyash incorporation was possibly due tomodifications in soil moisture retention and transmissioncharacteristics, bulk density, physico-chemical characterssuch as pH and EC and organic carbon content. The response offlyash addition in the soil on soil health and cropproductivity needs to be evaluated on long-term sustainableaspects. 相似文献
4.
采用人工控制土壤贮水量,在陕西关中气候条件下,研究作物土壤水分生产能力结果表明:土壤水分生产能力小麦最高为17.59kg/(hm2·mm),谷子11.61kg/(hm2·mm),豌豆10.33kg/(hm2·mm),油菜10.6kg/(hm2·mm);获得一定籽粒产量的最低土壤水分临界值约为:小麦160mm,豌豆150mm,谷子和油菜300mm,土壤水分超过此临界值后,增加水分,作物产量大幅度提高,但当水分超过一定量(豌豆300mm,小麦400mm,谷子500mm,油菜650mm时),产量则渐趋于稳定;低供水多施肥和高供水少施肥土壤水分的无谓消耗增加,不利于提高土壤水分的生产能力,必须量水施肥,才能提高土壤水分生产能力。 相似文献
5.
Á. Pereira A. Carballo-Penela A. Guerra X. Vence 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(2):348-369
The servicising approach in vineyard protection is considered a valid alternative to achieve decoupling between the economic and environmental performance of viticulture. In this paper, a policy package is designed to promote the uptake of a servicised model of vineyard protection in an area of smallholding viticulture. In doing so, a specific methodology based on a step by step protocol has been followed that aims to come up with a package that is effective, implementable and socially as well as politically acceptable. The paper concludes on the importance of combining several policy instruments in a policy package to realise the political objective. The proposed viable policy package includes incentives that support the companies’ shift towards offering crop protection solutions, further development of IPM solutions and instruments that encourage farmers to reduce the use of pesticides and collectively hire crop protection services. 相似文献
6.
华北平原玉米-小麦轮作农田N2O交换通量的研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
以华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田为研究对象,运用静态箱法对正常施肥及正常施肥结合秸秆还田农田N2O交换通量进行了连续1 a对比研究.正常施肥及正常施肥结合秸秆还田样地N2O全年的累积排放量分别为7.61 kg.hm-2和12.6kg.hm-2,其中秸秆还田引起N2O排放明显增加主要发生在玉米生长季节.两种处理样地在玉米季N2O的排放量占全年累积排放的57%~86%,表明华北玉米-小麦轮作体系中N2O排放主要集中在玉米季.各次施肥后10 d内N2O的累积排放量约占全年总排放量的71%~88%,显然现有化肥极大促进了华北农田N2O排放. 相似文献
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8.
秸秆烟尘和灰烬中元素碳的稳定同位素组成 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
选取稻草、麦草和玉米秸秆各6个品种,进行室内模拟焚烧试验,用同位素质谱计测定了灰烬和烟尘中元素碳(EC)的同位素比值.结果表明,稻草明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别是-28.3‰、-28.7‰,比稻草总碳分别轻2.7‰、3.0‰.麦草明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别为-28.5‰、-28.0‰,比麦草总碳分别轻0.1‰、重0.4‰.玉米秸秆明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别为-17.2‰、-13.6‰,比秸秆总碳分别轻3.4‰、重0.2‰.在稻草明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别是-27.5‰、-27.3‰,比稻草总碳分别轻1.8‰、1.6‰.在麦草的明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别为-27.4‰和-26.0‰,比麦草总碳分别重0.9‰和2.4‰.在玉米秸秆的明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别为-15.0‰和-14.8‰,比玉米秆总碳分别轻1.2‰和1.0‰.3类秸秆,尤其是稻草和玉米秸秆,其烟尘和灰烬中的EC均发生了明显的同位素分馏.其同位素组成对于识别和估算大气气溶胶中此类秸秆燃烧来源的EC有参考意义. 相似文献
9.
大气CO2浓度不断增加将以两种方式影响作物的代谢、生长发育和产量的形成:一是通过温室效应“加热”气候,改变降水类型,进而影响作物;二是浓度变化本身对作物生理过程的影响。介绍了国内外近年来在与CO2浓度有关的作物生理实验方面取得的进展及其主要结果。 相似文献
10.
Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment: Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed. 相似文献