The Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems

The sustainable use and management of important tropical coastal ecosystems (mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs) cannot be done without understanding the direct and indirect impacts of man. The ecosystem's resilience and recovery capacity following such impacts must be determined. The efficacy of mitigation measures must also be considered. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in such studies. This paper reviews the state of the art and application of these tools in tropical coastal zones, and illustrates their relevance in sustainable development. It highlights a selected number of remote sensing case-studies on land cover patterns, population structure and dynamics, and stand characteristics from South-East Asia, Africa and South-America, with a particular emphasis on mangroves. It further shows how remote sensing technology and other scientific tools can be integrated in long-term studies, both retrospective and predictive, in order to anticipate degradation and to take mitigating measures at an early stage. The paper also highlights the guidelines for sustainable management that can result from remote sensing and GIS studies, and identifies existent gaps and research priorities.There is a need for more comprehensive approaches that deal with new remote sensing technologies and analysis in a GIS-environment, and that integrate findings collected over longer periods with the aim of prediction. It is also imperative to collect and integrate data from different disciplines. These are essential in the spirit of sustainable development and management, particularly in developing countries, which are often more vulnerable to environmental degradation.     

昌吉州生态环境现状调查

通过对昌吉州近年生态环境保护工作及建设的概述,并对“八五”末期和“九五”末期生态环境现状的对比,说明昌吉州生态环境存在的问题,为生态环境保护规划和生态建设决策提供可靠的依据。     

Characterization of microbial communities from coastal waters using microarrays

Molecular methods, including DNA probes, were used to identify and enumerate pathogenic Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay; our data indicated that Vibrio vulnificus exhibits seasonal fluctuations in number. Our work included a characterization of total microbial communities from the Bay; development of microarrays that identify and quantify the diversity of those communities; and observation of temporal changes in those communities. To identify members of the microbial community, we amplified the 16S rDNA gene from community DNA isolated from a biofilm sample collected from the Chesapeake Bay in February, 2000. The resultant 75 sequences were 95% or more similar to 7 species including two recently described Shewanella species, baltica and frigidimarina, that have not been previously isolated from the Chesapeake. When the genera of bacteria from biofilm after culturing are compared to those detected by subcloning amplified 16S fragments from community DNA, the cultured sample exhibited a strong bias. In oysters collected in February, the most common bacteria were previously unknown. Based on our 16S findings, we are developing microarrays to detect these and other microbial species in these estuarine communities. The microarrays will detect each species using four distinct loci, with the multiple loci serving as an internal control. The accuracy of the microarray will be measured using sentinel species such as Aeromonas species, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio vulnificus. Using microarrays, it should be possible to determine the annual fluctuations of bacterial species (culturable and non-culturable, pathogenic and non-pathogenic). The data may be applied to understanding patterns of environmental change; assessing the health of the Bay; and evaluating the risk of human illness associated with exposure to and ingestion of water and shellfish.     

织物干洗的工业生态研究

正确评价干洗剂对人体的毒副作用，合理地设定干洗过程挥发性有害物质的残留限量，是开发干洗业环境无害技术和绿色服务的先决条件。只有在充分保证环境安全的前提下，通过逐步推行化学清洁产品的总体选择战略，从环境管理和经济发展的结合上来规范企业的环境行为，才能最终实现干洗业的可持续发展。     

丘陵农村能源生态工程（连载）——新的生态能源开发与环境治理规划

在系统分析与初期实施的基础上，通过计算机仿真技术对后期～２０１０年提出进一步综合开发治理规划，并对规划实施的支撑条件进行了研究，这些研究丘陵农村的发展提供了具有参考意义的信息资料。     

Industrial ecology: a new field or only a metaphor?

In the 10 years since industrial ecology first became a topic of academic interest, it has grown as a field of inquiry and has produced a community of practice in several sectors including academia, business, and government. Even as the shape of industrial ecology becomes clearer, questions remain as to its lasting power beyond the metaphor that gave it its distinctiveness. This paper examines the development of industrial ecology and assesses its progress towards becoming a field of academic inquiry. And, in a related analysis, I look at the progress industrial ecology has made in establishing itself as an institutional (cultural) basis for action in the above sectors. Ideas like industrial ecology must become institutionalized if they are to have much effect on the reality of everyday activities.     

生态科学在现代景园设计中应用的发展

现代风景园林设计越来越科学化，人性化，其核心就是引入了生态科学的系统思想和方法。通过对近现代西方景园设计中生态科学应用发展阶段的阐述，说明生态科学在景园设计中应用的发展过程。表明现代景园设计的发展方向就是生态系统科学与景观设计紧密结合的综合设计理念。     

生态建设与能源结构调整并重根治呼和浩特市大气污染

呼市大气环境质量的主要污染因子是悬浮颗粒物。文章通过分析TSP的构成，说明了生态建设与能源结构调整是根治TSP浓度过高的两个主要手段。文中采用大量统计数据，科学论证了治理工程，呼市的大气污染一定能得到根治。     

渭河流域生态环境对野鸭数量分布的影响

环境是动物生存的基础，人类的活动对环境所造成的影响，直接导致动物种群数量的变动。通过渭河咸阳段气候、水质、水域面积、植物等环境因素的改变对野鸭数量分布影响的调查，表明环境的恶化导致了动物的生存受到威胁，数量减少，分布区域缩小。随着环境保护意识的增强，渭河流域的水土流失，水质污染、退耕还草等环境问题逐渐得到解决，动物的生活环境不断得到改善，其种群数量、分布范围随之增加。     

刺参的无公害养殖与可持续发展

本文主要介绍了刺参无公害养殖的基本要求和生态养殖方法。针对刺参养殖过程中面积的问题进行分析探讨,提出可持续发展建议。