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排序方式: 共有288条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Carly E. Federman Durelle T. Scott Erich T. Hester 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(1):29-48
River flooding impacts human life and infrastructure, yet provides habitat and ecosystem services. Traditional flood control (e.g., levees, dams) reduces habitat and ecosystem services, and exacerbates flooding elsewhere. Floodplain restoration (i.e., bankfull floodplain reconnection and Stage 0) can also provide flood management, but has not been sufficiently evaluated for small frequent storms. We used 1D unsteady Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System to simulate small storms in a 5 km-long, second-order generic stream from the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and varied % channel restored (starting at the upstream end), restoration location, restoration bank height (distinguishes bankfull from Stage 0 restoration), and floodplain width/Manning's n. Stream restoration decreased (attenuated) peak flow up to 37% and increased floodplain exchange by up to 46%. Floodplain width and % channel restored had the largest impact on flood attenuation. The incremental effects of new restoration projects on flood attenuation were greatest when little prior restoration had occurred. By contrast, incremental effects on floodplain exchange were greatest in the presence of substantial prior restoration, setting up a tradeoff. A similar tradeoff was revealed between attenuation and exchange for project location, but not bank height or floodplain width. In particular, attenuation and exchange were always greater for Stage 0 than for bankfull floodplain restoration. Stage 0 thus may counteract human impacts such as urbanization. 相似文献
2.
客观理解京津冀大气污染传输通道城市(“2+26”城市)空气污染时空格局对于区域大气污染联合防治具有重要意义.本研究采用遥感数据反演的PM2.5浓度产品,利用趋势分析法和重心分析法,揭示了京津冀城市大气污染传输通道区2000~2015年大气污染时空格局演化特征.结果表明:(1)区域PM2.5平均浓度整体呈现出太行山脉区域较低,太行山脉以东较高的格局,城镇地区明显高于周边地区.(2)2000~2015年区域PM2.5年均浓度总体呈增加趋势,主要表现在2000~2007年,呈显著增加趋势的面积占全区的88.48%,之后呈稳定状态.(3)区域PM2.5污染重心位于衡水、邢台和德州3市交界处,区域北部大气污染较严重.本研究可为京津冀及周边地区大气污染防治政策制定和措施实施提供参考与支持. 相似文献
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昆明城市生态河道建设探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在城市河道治理过程中,由于只片面强调防洪、排水,忽略了河道的其他功能,致使河道越挖越宽、越挖越深、越修越直,而河水越来越臭、越来越脏。建设生态河道是解决这些问题的唯一出路,既要顾及河道排洪、防洪等基本功能,又要保持河道生态系统的完整性。 相似文献
5.
Joseph L. Ebersole William J. Liss Christopher A. Frissell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):355-368
ABSTRACT: Discrete cold water patches within the surface waters of summer warm streams afford potential thermal refuge for cold water fishes during periods of heat stress. This analysis focused on reach scale heterogeneity in water temperatures as influenced by local influx of cooler subsurface waters. Using field thermal probes and recording thermistors, we identified and characterized cold water patches (at least 3°C colder than ambient streamflow temperatures) potentially serving as thermal refugia for cold water fishes. Among 37 study sites within alluvial valleys of the Grande Ronde basin in northeastern Oregon, we identified cold water patches associated with side channels, alcoves, lateral seeps, and floodplain spring brooks. These types differed with regard to within floodplain position, area, spatial thermal range, substrate, and availability of cover for fish. Experimental shading cooled daily maximum temperatures of surface waters within cold water patches 2 to 4°C, indicating a strong influence of riparian vegetation on the expression of cold water patch thermal characteristics. Strong vertical temperature gradients associated with heating of surface layers of cold water patches exposed to solar radiation, superimposed upon vertical gradients in dissolved oxygen, can partially restrict suitable refuge volumes for stream salmonids within cold water patches. 相似文献
6.
Marji J. Patz Katta J. Ready Quentin D. Skinner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(5):1247-1255
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine the chemistry of Coalbed Methane (CBM) discharge water reacting with semi‐arid ephemeral stream channels in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. The study area consisted of two ephemeral streams: Burger Draw and Sue Draw. These streams are tributaries to the perennial Powder River. Samples were collected bimonthly from three CBM discharge points and seven channel locations in Burger Draw and Sue Draw. Samples were also collected bimonthly from the Powder River above and below the confluence of Burger Draw. Before sample collection, the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in the field. Samples were transported to the laboratory and analyzed for alkalinity, major cations, and anions. From the measurement of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), practical sodium adsorption ratio (SARp) and true sodium adsorption ratio (SARt) were calculated. Results suggest pH and EC of CBM discharge water was 7.1 and 4.3 dS/m, respectively. The CBM discharge water consisted of higher concentrations of sodium and alkalinity compared to other components. The pH of CBM discharge water increased significantly (p = 0.000) in the downstream channel of Burger Draw from 7.1 to 8.84 before it joined with the Powder River. Dissolved calcium concentration of CBM discharge water decreased significantly (p = 0.000) in the downstream channel water. Subsequently, SARp increased approximately from 24 to 29. The SARt also increased significantly (p = 0.001) in the downstream channel water. For instance, SARt of CBM discharge water increased from 32.93 to 45.5 downstream channels after the confluence of Sue Draw with the Burger Draw. The only significant difference in water chemistry above and below the confluence of Burger Draw with the Powder River was pH, which increased from 8.36 to 8.52. The significant increase in SAR values of CBM discharge water in Burger Draw and Sue Draw tributaries suggest a careful monitoring of salinity and sodicity is needed if CBM discharge water is used for irrigation in semi‐arid environments. Results discussed in this study will be useful to downstream water users who depend on water for irrigation. 相似文献
7.
Improving the Urban Stream Restoration Effort: Identifying Critical Form and Processes Relationships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stream restoration projects are often based on morphological form or stream type and, as a result, there needs to be a clear tie established between form and function of the stream. An examination of the literature identifies numerous relationships in naturally forming streams that link morphologic form and stream processes. Urban stream restoration designs often work around infrastructure and incorporate bank stabilization and grade control structures. Because of these imposed constraints and highly altered hydrologic and sediment discharge regimens, the design of urban channel projects is rather unclear. In this paper, we examine the state of the art in relationships between form and processes, the strengths and weaknesses of these existing relationships, and the current lack of understanding in applying these relationships in the urban environment. In particular, we identify relationships that are critical to urban stream restoration projects and provide recommendations for future research into how this information can be used to improve urban stream restoration design. It is also suggested that improving the success of urban restoration projects requires further investigation into incorporating process-based methodologies, which can potentially reduce ambiguity in the design and the necessity of using an abundant amount of in-stream structures. 相似文献
8.
为了科学地设定滩槽易变河段处的桥梁跨径布置方案,针对荆州长江大桥桥区水域河床演变影响通航安全的问题,采用实例调研及历史资料分析的方法,指出滩槽易变河段选址建设的桥梁,其最大风险是滩槽移位导致船舶从通航孔位置移动到非通航孔位置,提出新建桥梁通航孔布置应覆盖深泓和可能成为航道的深槽的摆动范围;根据提出的原则研究拟建的李埠桥... 相似文献
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