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排序方式: 共有124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
节约型社会基本内涵的初步研究 总被引:52,自引:1,他引:51
陈德敏 《中国人口.资源与环境》2005,15(2):5-9
从我国提出建设节约型社会的战略意义出发,对节约型社会的定义进行了界定;指出了节约型社会的实质和基础是指物质资源的节约使用;描述了节约型社会的形成与目标;分析了节约型社会的基本内涵、特征及其架构;论证了节约型社会与循环经济的关系,并提出了建设节约型社会的路径选择和对策。 相似文献
2.
生态系统服务功能及其价值核算 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:16
生态系统服务功能是指生态系统服务与生态系统功能的综合,指生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,生态系统服务功能对于人类生存发展具有重要的价值,应该在社会经济体系中得以体现,本文探讨了生态系统服务功能的类型,价值核算方法与理论及其应用研究在完善国民经济核算体系、促进可持续发展等方面的重要意义,并对今后发展进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
经济手段在环境管理中的作用及涉及到政府与各利益关系人之间的博弈过程。本文就政府与一次性餐具生产者,销售者之间的博弈关系,分析如何应用经济手段使其在防治“白色污染”中发挥更好的作用。 相似文献
4.
膜生物反应器膜污染的水力学控制实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
叙述了膜污染是影响膜-生物反应器处理技术推广应用的关键因素,采用水动力学方法是控制膜污染的有效方法。在不同污泥浓度条件下。对不同曝气强度下膜污染的发展速率及其形成机理进行了试验研究,研究结果表明:对应于不同污泥浓度均存在一个经济曝气强度,其大小随污泥浓度升高呈线性增加,膜生物反应器在经济曝气强度条件下运行可控制膜污染的发展;并从理论上推导出一个临界污泥浓度,其值为5.15g/L。对应于临界污泥浓度,并且污泥絮体在膜面可形成比较稳定的动态膜,膜过滤压差上升的速率最慢,膜生物反应器在此临界污泥浓度条件下运行膜污染发展最为缓慢。 相似文献
5.
6.
海南岛是我国最大的热带宝岛,自然资源丰富,天时地利优势突出,经济开发潜力大,在我国国民经济建设中具有特殊的战略地位。海南岛地处我国开放前哨,应充分利用世界经济中心转移亚太地区的有利形势,发展同外部世界的经济联系,进一步发挥内地的后盾和依托作用。明确经济开发的战略目标,研究对策和措施,加强宏观控制。严格控制人口增长,重视人才培养。设立省级体制。调整产业结构,加强基础建设。引进先进技术。改善交通和通讯。大力开发农业资源、矿产资源和能源。实行比特区更特殊的政策,海南岛的战略蓝图必将实现。 相似文献
7.
小陇山森林生态系统服务功能价值评估 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
小陇山林区位于秦岭西端,甘肃省东南部,是黄河、长江中上游地区重要的水源涵养林,对维护黄河、长江流域水生态安全具有重要的战略地位.采用市场价值法、替代费用法等对小陇山林区森林生态系统服务功能价值进行定量评估.结果表明,小陇山林区森林生态系统服务功能年均总价值为40.236亿元,其中直接经济价值为2.204亿元,水源涵养、水土保持、大气组分调节、生物多样性保护及病虫害防治、休闲娱乐等生态功能价值为38.032亿元,直接经济价值与生态功能价值的比值为1∶ 17.26.在发展当地经济的过程中,必须从整个生态系统的角度出发,优先认识到该地区森林的生态功能价值,从而科学、合理地保护和利用森林资源. 相似文献
8.
Settlement decisions in blue tits: difference in the use of social information according to age and individual success 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dispersers are expected to assess breeding habitat quality before settlement. Although cues reflecting habitat quality are
well studied, social cues have not been as well evaluated. In this paper, we studied breeding habitat selection during 3 years
in a natural population of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in nest-boxes. Our aim was to investigate if this species used conspecific density and/or reproductive success
of con- and heterospecifics (i.e., social cues) in settlement decisions. The patterns observed were consistent with the idea
that juveniles, when dispersing from their natal patches, did not react to any of the cues that we tested. In contrast, breeders
that dispersed seemed to respond to both conspecific mean patch reproductive success (PRS) and breeding density of the settlement
patch in the year of dispersal, their response differing according to their own reproductive success. Indeed, failed breeders
moved to areas with high PRS and low density relative to source patches, while successful breeders behaved the opposite. The
comparison between juveniles and adults might be modulated by the limited time available to juveniles to gather information
on PRS and density at the end of the dispersing year. Adults lacking these time constraints, however, seemed to rely on these
conspecific cues although limited by their own quality. Additionally, breeders were more likely to be immigrants in patches
with relatively low breeding success and density the previous year, suggesting that settlement is influenced by multiple cues,
which may reveal information on different aspects of habitat and be available at different moments. Collectively, our results
support the importance of social cues for blue tits’ settlement. 相似文献
9.
Experimental evidence of a testosterone-induced shift from paternal to mating behaviour in a facultatively polygynous songbird 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Previous studies have suggested that testosterone (T) profiles of male birds reflect a trade-off between mate attraction behaviours
(requiring high T levels) and parental care activities (requiring low T levels). In this study, we experimentally elevated
T levels of monogamous males in the facultatively polygynous European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and compared mate attraction and paternal behaviour of T-treated males with those of controls (C-males). T-males significantly
reduced their participation in incubation and fed nestlings significantly less often than C-males. Females paired to T-treated
males did not compensate for their mate’s lower paternal effort. The observed reduction in a male’s investment in incubating
the eggs was accompanied by an increased investment in typical female-attracting behaviours: T-males spent a significantly
higher proportion of their time singing to attract additional females. They also occupied more additional nestboxes than C-males,
although the differences just failed to be significant, and carried significantly more green nesting materials into an additional
nestbox (a behaviour previously shown to serve a courtship function). T-males also behaved significantly more aggressively
than C-males. During the nestling period, the frequency of mate-attracting behaviours by T-treated and control males no longer
differed significantly. Despite the reduced paternal effort by T-males and the lack of compensation behaviour by females,
hatching and breeding success did not differ significantly between T- and C-pairs.
Received: 7 February 2000 / Revised: 10 August 2000 / Accepted: 3 September 2000 相似文献
10.
Marcela Capcarova Katarina Zbynovska Anna Kalafova Jozef Bulla Peter Bielik 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(4):236-244
The contamination of food and feed by mycotoxins as toxic metabolites of fungi is a risk not only for consumers resulting in various embarrassment regarding health status and well-being, but also for producers, companies and export market on the ground of economic losses and ruined stability of economic trade. As it is given in historical evidence, the contamination of food by mycotoxins is a topic as old as a history of mankind, finding some evidence even in the ancient books and records. Nowadays, the mycotoxins are used in modern biotechnological laboratories and are considered an agent for targeting the specific cells (e.g., defected cells to eliminate them). However, this promising procedure is only the beginning. More concern is focused on mycotoxins as abiotic hazard agents. The dealing with them, systematic monitoring, and development of techniques for their elimination from agricultural commodities are worldwide issues concerning all countries. They can be found alone or in co-occurrence with other mycotoxins. Thus, this review aims to provide widened information regarding mycotoxins contamination in environment with the consequences on health of animals and humans. The inevitability for more data that correctly determine the risk points linked to mycotoxins occurrence and their specific reactions in the environment is demonstrated. This review includes various symptoms in animals and humans that result from mycotoxin exposure. For better understanding of mycotoxin's impact on animals, the sensitivities of various animal species to various mycotoxins are listed. Strategies for elimination and preventing the risks of mycotoxins contamination as well as economical approach are discussed. To complete the topic, some data from past as historical evidences are presented. 相似文献