CDM in the Kyoto Negotiations:

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has its origins in the decade of UNFCCC negotiations. ‘Joint implementation’ and ‘activities implemented jointly pilot’ opened the door for the project-based mechanisms between developed and developing countries. The US proposal of the Joint Implementation in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations was almost identical with CDM approved in Kyoto; however, a detour around the Clean Development Fund (CDF) concept raised by Brazil in the negotiations catalyzed the mutual understanding on the win-win nature of the concept of joint implementation.CDM has been played an important role to bridge the developed and developing countries in its development process initiated as the joint implementation in the UNFCCC, and can lead to the cooperative future in the implementation stage starting from the year 2003, including the development of future commitments beyond 2013. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

清洁生产运行机制探讨

文章分析了清洁生产的运行机制，认为清洁生产方案的实施受企业、政府、公众、市场和社会环境等五个方面的影响与制约。在此基础上，从我国国情实际出发，讨论了我国在实施清洁生产方案所面临的问题，并从企业、政府、公众、市场和社会等方面给出了相应的对策建议。     

大理市生活垃圾焚烧处置初探

针对大理生活垃圾污染现状,提出采用高温焚烧方法处理大理市产生的城市生活垃圾的必要性,并用垃圾焚烧产生的热能发电.采取相应的措施防治燃烧过程中产生的污染物,可最终实现垃圾处理的减量化、无害化、资源化要求.     

重型柴油车污染物排放量计算方法比较分析

目的 计算大功率大吨位级重型柴油车的污染物排放量.方法 根据《公路隧道通风设计细则》和世界道路协会(PIARC)2012年技术报告,分别计算32 t重型柴油车的污染物排放量和稀释污染物所需的通风量,对比分析两种计算方法的差异.结果 对《公路隧道通风设计细则》中柴油车的车型系数和海拔高度系数提出建议.根据世界道路协会(PIARC)2012年技术报告,在0～2000 m低海拔地区,国产32 t柴油车的CO、NOx和烟尘排放量分别为88.6、166.0 m3/(h·veh)和84.2 m2/(h·veh),如果考虑NOx的空气污染,稀释单辆国产32 t柴油车排放污染物所需空气量约为33000 m3/h;如果不考虑NOx的空气污染,所需空气量约为28000 m3/h.结论 结合工程实际,建议大功率大吨位级重型柴油车的污染物排放量根据世界道路协会(PIARC)2012年技术报告进行计算.     

环境经济优化设计案例

本文列举三例，论述完善价格机制发展城市燃气供应事业、运用排污权交易思想削减二氧化硫污染和利用市场干预促进固体废弃物回收，分别设计出优化方案，并概算出预期环境经济效益。     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

吉林省的风能潜力(英文)

近两年我国电力突然短缺,已经引起政府的高度重视。由于我国风电发展的紧迫性和风电发展的潜力,特别是国际上正在如火如荼地开发风电的情景,中国- 奥地利政府间双边合作计划将风电评估列入2001～2003 年度合作计划,论文是该计划的成果之一。以我国吉林省为研究对象,采用广泛使用的风机选址算法和空间分布诊断程序( WAsP和ZAWIMOD2),运用数字地形图和遥感资料获得的土地利用图,进而得到数字化的表面粗糙度,再对吉林省的风能潜力进行估算。完成了近1km² 分辨率的距地面60m高度的风速和风能密度计算,并制作了它们的分布图。这是我国第一次在较大区域上估算距地面60m 高度的风速和风能密度,其方法对我国风电资源的评估有重要的借鉴作用。结果显示最有效的风能资源在吉林省的中西部地区,而南部和东部的高风资源区位于山脊和山顶,对风能的开发有一定的限制。     

抽水蓄能电站建设中注意防止氡污染

针对某抽水蓄能电站地下勘探平洞检测氡气浓度超标问题,分析氡污染危害,提出防止氡污染的措施。     

HAZOP方法在炼化企业供电系统评估中的应用

基于HAZOP的方法对炼化企业电力系统进行分析,可以有效提高炼化企业电气安全平稳运行水平,降低发生大面积停电事故的风险。该分析方法不同于化工企业的HAZOP分析方法,在分析流程细节中,结合电气专业化的特点,形成了一套具有炼化企业供电系统风险评估特色的评价方法,为炼化企业供电系统在规划、设计、运行等阶段提供依据。     

浙江省火电厂废水处理系统运行现状及建议

在综合调查省内各火电厂废水处理系统运行现状的基础上，总结了各类废水处理系统的特点及其运行中存在的问题，提出了改进意见。