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401.
Arsenic and other toxic elemental contamination of groundwater, surface water and soil in Bangladesh and its possible effects on human health 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Md. Riajul Islam Reijo Salminen Pertti W. Lahermo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2000,22(1):33-53
The problems of contamination caused by arsenic (As) and other toxic metals in groundwater, surface water and soils in the Bengal basin of Bangladesh have been studied. Altogether 10 groundwater, seven surface water and 31 soil samples were collected from arsenic-affected areas and analysed chemically. The geologic and anthropogenic sources of As and other toxic metals are discussed in this paper. The chemical results show that the mean As concentrations in groundwater in the Char Ruppur (0.253mg As L–1), Rajarampur (1.955mg As L–1) and Shamta areas (0.996mg As L–1) greatly exceed the WHO recommended value, which is 0.01mg As L–1. The concentrations of As in groundwater are very high compared to those in surface water and in surface soil in the three (As-affected) areas studied. This indicates that the source of As in groundwater could be bedrock. The relatively high concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface water, compared to world typical value, are due to the solubility of metal ions, organometalic complexes, coprecipitation or co-existance with the colloidal clay fraction. In the soil, the elevated concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are due to their strong affinity to organic matter, hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn, and clay minerals. 相似文献
402.
曾冰 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2006,12(3):323-327
在数字作品著作权越来越频繁受到侵犯的今天,如何对其进行有效的保护,维护著作权人的利益,给法律提出了更高的要求.因此,来阐述与著作权保护相关的几个理论问题,提出对网络音乐作品保护的几点建议,以形成一个以保护音乐作品著作权人利益为宗旨的保护体制. 相似文献
403.
雷州无瓣海桑群落7种元素的生物累积和循环 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在雷州市附城镇岚北人工生态恢复的 7a生无瓣海桑群落生物量调查的基础上 ,对所采集的无瓣海桑进行了植物体各组分样品的灰分和元素含量测定与循环分析 ,结果表明 :无瓣海桑植物体不同组分的灰分含量范围为 2 .2 7%~ 2 6 .4 1% ,以细根的含量最高 ,枯枝的含量最低 .植物体各组分中 7种元素质量分数范围分别为K 0 .11%~ 1.5 6 % ,Na0 .11%~ 1.6 6 % ,Ca 0 .2 0 %~ 2 .6 6 % ,Mg 0 .15 %~ 1.5 9% ,Fe 0 .0 4× 10 -3 ~ 9.6 4× 10 -3 ,Zn 0 .0 5× 10 -4~ 1.0 3× 10 -4,Cu0 .16× 10 -5~ 1.5 0× 10 -5.其加权平均的富集系数为 0 .0 5~ 9.70 ,其中Ca >K >Cu >Na >Mg>Zn >Fe .群落现存生物量中的累积储量分别为K 10 9.76gm-2 ,Ca 138.89gm-2 ,Na 86 .5 7gm-2 ,Mg 81.0 7gm-2 ,Fe 13.139gm-2 ,Zn 0 .4 83gm-2 ,Cu 0 .10 8gm-2 .群落 2 0 0 1年的元素存留累积储量分别为Ca4 1.6 8gm-2 ,K 37.2 4gm-2 ,Mg 2 7.33gm-2 ,Na2 5 .5 6gm-2 ,Fe 4 .2 75gm-2 ,Zn 0 .188gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 39gm-2 .2 0 0 1年归还量分别为Ca 2 8.5 9gm-2 ,K 16 .83gm-2 ,Mg 12 .0 7gm-2 ,Na 11.5 8gm-2 ,Fe 0 .916gm-2 ,Zn 0 .14 1gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 2 6gm-2 .年吸收量分别为Ca 70 .2 7gm-2 ,K 5 4 .0 7gm-2 ,Mg 39.4 0gm-2 ,Na 37.1 相似文献
404.
Eugene P Seskin Robert J Anderson Robert O Reid 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1983,10(2):112-124
In evaluating current environmental protection policy, economists often note that current regulations are more costly than necessary to meet environmental quality standards. While the a priori case is strong that current regulatory approaches are resulting in higher-than-necessary costs to attain environmental standards, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support this claim. The purpose of this paper is to supply some of the missing evidence by presenting the results of one study that assesses some of the potential savings associated with implementing economic, rather than command-and-control, regulatory approaches to abate one type of air pollution in one region of the country. Specifically, the paper examines the costs of meeting a prospective short-term standard for nitrogen dioxide under a range of alternative emissions control strategies for stationary sources of nitrogen oxide emissions in the Chicago Air Quality Control Region. The alternative strategies that are considered range from those that might result under current regulatory policy to those that economic policy approaches (such as emissions charges or marketable permits) are designed to implement. The analysis shows that the most efficient program of emissions controls may be more than an order of magnitude less costly than current regulatory strategies, and that economic approaches have additional advantages over more conventional regulatory approaches. 相似文献
405.
CriticalloadofsulfurdepositionforecosystemanditsapplicationinChinaZhaoDianwu;ZhangXiaoshan;YangJianxin(ResearchCenterforEco-E... 相似文献
406.
An analysis of the energy inputs in corn, rice, sorghum, wheat, soybean, and millet in northeastern China indicates that most of the crops are produced with about one half the fossil energy inputs compared with those in the United States. The inputs of labor, however, are 10–100-fold greater than those in the United States. China also uses 85 to more than 500 h of horse power per hectare in producing its crop and this helps reduce the fossil energy inputs in crop production. A small increase in the use of machinery energy (3%) at appropriate times in the cropping systems could reduce labor inputs by about one third. 相似文献
407.
掺入金属离子的TiO2纳米粒子光催化降解吖啶橙 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了 Fe3+和 Cr3+不同掺入量的 TiO2半导体纳米粒子研究了这些纳米粒子对吖啶橙光催化氧化降解的影响.结果表明,微量 Fe3+和 Cr3+的掺入可明显提高 TiO2的光催化活性.进一步研究表明,在 Fe3+-TiO2体系中,最佳掺入量为 0.1%,而且中性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应的进行,反应3h后降解率可达97.75%.在Cr3+-TiO2体系中,弱碱性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应,最佳掺入量为0.05%,降解率可达87.54%. 相似文献
408.
409.
本文对1992年11月棉兰老岛东南海域,伊里安岛北部海域上层水及40°S156°E定点长达4个月的pH,Eh,ΣS调查分析,研究了上述海域的海水化学状况,结果表明,1992年11月,在上层水中,棉兰老岛东南海域海水的碱性较弱,氧化性较强,伊里安岛北部海域海水碱性较强,还原性较强,4°S156°E的上层水界于二者之间。 相似文献
410.
在线分离富集FI分光光度法直接测定铜 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文针对AAS法测定痕量铜时,大量铁存在表现干扰,研究并建立了流动注射(FI)在线螯合树脂分离富集光度法直接测定痕量铜的新方法,具有灵敏度高、选择性强;因此,已成功地用于水样中痕量铜的测定,该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性. 相似文献