Benefits of Collaborative Learning for Environmental Management: Applying the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management Approach to Support Animal Pest Control

Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations. Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive management processes is examined.     

催化湿式氧化法处理三环唑生产废水

在高压釜中进行了三环唑农药生产敦水间歇催化湿式氧化试验，结果表明，该法处理高浓度有有毒有机废水是有效的。在试验条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率达８０％。反应温度对处理效果影响最大，铜系催化剂具有较高的催化活性。     

难降解有机物的水解－酸化预处理

综述了水解－酸化作为难生物降解有机废水预处理工艺的应用情况，介绍了水解－酸化工艺的原理，分析了影响水解－酸化处理效果的部分因素。指出，对于难降解有机废水，水解－酸化是一种有效的预处理手段。     

有机废气的生物膜处理技术

介绍了一种净化有机废气的新方法－－生物膜处理技术。对生物膜处理装置的类型、机理以及和应用情况进行发概述和讨论。     

硒对体外培养大鼠胚胎的发育毒性实验研究

本实验用全胚胎培养方法探讨了硒对体外培养大鼠胚胎的发育毒性，结果表明硒对胚胎的损害有明显的剂量—反应关系，硒浓度为2.0μg/ml，首先受累及的器官是视觉系统，提示该系统是硒的主要胚胎毒性作用部位，高浓度时，硒对反映胚胎生长发育和器官形态学分化的各指标均有抑制作用，6.0μg/ml剂量组胚胎畸形率为66.7%，主要表现是无眼泡，耳泡，心包积液，腋芽小，神经管未闭和体节异常，12.0μg/ml，死胎率高达88.9%。     

Use of Constructed Wetlands for Urban Stream Restoration: A Critical Analysis

/ Investigation of a delta marsh restoration project proposed forthe Don River in Toronto, Ontario, underlines several concerns aboutconstructed wetland projects designed for water quality improvement andaquatic habitat enhancement. The Don is a highly urbanized river that hasundergone significant physiographic modifications and continually receives acomplex mixture of conventional, metallic, and organic contaminants frommultiple point and nonpoint sources. Rather than providing permanent removalof urban contaminants, wetland processes offer a limited capacity fortemporary storage of contaminant inputs, and potential reactions may actuallyproduce more toxic and/or bioavailable forms of some chemicals. Theseprocesses tend to result in the concentration of watershed contaminants inwetland vegetation and sediments. As the restored marsh would be availablefor spawning and feeding by aquatic fauna, the potential exists for chemicalbioconcentration and biomagnification through the aquatic community.Accordingly, wetland systems are not suited to the dual purposes of waterquality improvement and aquatic habitat enhancement. Upstream controls,including source reduction of contaminant inputs, are recommended asessential components of all constructed wetland projects.KEY WORDS: Constructed wetlands; Water quality; Ecological restoration;Don River     

完善西部地区水资源市场是当务之急

本文分析了西部地区完善水资源市场的必要性和存在的问题，并提出完善水资源市场的具体措施。     

基于技术的水泥工业大气颗粒物排放清单

针对我国水泥工业的生产技术及生产过程中的大气颗粒物排放控制技术分类,建立了一个基于技术、自下而上的大气颗粒物排放模型.通过分析我国水泥工业不同生产工艺所占比重的历史变化趋势,以及不同时期水泥工业大气颗粒物控制标准的影响,利用此模型计算了1990-2004年全国水泥工业大气颗粒物的排放系数和排放量.我国水泥工业的大气颗粒物的排放系数由1990年的27.9 kg·t-1水泥下降至2004年的8.05 kg·t-1水泥;大气颗粒物排放量自1990年起逐年增加,于1997年达到最高值l 044×104t,其中PM10排放量为716 X 104 t,PM2 5排放量为436×104t;此后逐年降低,到2001年后又有缓慢增加.我国水泥工业大气颗粒物排放量的地理分布很不均衡,山东、广东、河北、江苏、浙江和河南的排放量超过了全国总排放量的50%.新型干法水泥生产线替代立窑生产线的进程以及2004年<水泥工业大气污染物排放标准>的颁布将很可能大幅降低我国水泥工业的大气颗粒物排放量,从而在很大程度上影响我国的大气颗粒物污染特征.     

铁锈及Fe(OH)3处理硫酸盐废水厌氧方法试验

投加铁锈或Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３可明显改善含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的厌氧处理能力，使趋于失败的升流式厌氧污泥床ＵＡＳＢ恢复正常工作对ＳＯ４２－为５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤＣｒ为１５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的合成脂肪酸废水，在水力停留时间为４ｄ，由４０％以下的ＣＯＤ去除率提高到投加铁锈或Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３后的７３％和８２％，出口ｐＨ值由５３上升到７３，产甲烷气量由０.３Ｌ／ｄ上升为２２Ｌ／ｄ.并提出了Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３比铁锈在去除Ｓ２－干扰更有效，去除Ｓ２-干扰可使厌氧处理恢复正常     

硅在海洋浮游植物群落演替过程中的作用

海洋浮游植物的群落演替是一处自然规律。每一局部水域，由于受各种特殊环境条件的调控和制约。具有其独特的浮游植物生礅类型。本文着重讨论了硅盐在浮游植物群落演替机制中手作用。并以大量的研究事例论证了这一理论的确立。