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971.
sustainability, but the most meaningful definition is set within an evolutionary framework. Mechanistic and evolutionary frameworks for sustainable
development are discussed. Evolution and adaptation are characteristics of complex adaptive systems, and a new understanding
of sustainable development can be gleaned by using the complex adaptive systems framework. This approach to sustainable development
issues implicitly requires proactive involvement by the public. This paper supports that bottom-up participation needs to
be nurtured. Appropriate processes to enable participation need to be designed and implemented. 相似文献
972.
Chemical Characteristics of Urban Stormwater Sediments and Implications for Environmental Management, Maricopa County, Arizona 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
On the basis of published guidelines, urban stormwater sediments do not appear to constitute a major regional environmental
problem with respect to the chemical characteristics investigated here. At individual sites, high concentrations of organic
compounds—chlordane, dieldrin, PCBs, and toxaphene—may require some attention. The possible environmental hazard presented
by low-level organochlorine contamination is not addressed in this paper; however, high levels of toxicity in urban sediments
are difficult to explain. Sediment toxicity varied significantly with time, which indicates that these tests should be evaluated
carefully before they are used for management decisions. 相似文献
973.
5 –106 times higher compared with less sensitive species. The use of assessment factors in effect assessment procedures may lead
to an underestimation of effects on the more sensitive species.
For many priority pollutants there is little information on their ecotoxicity. Predictive techniques are needed to compensate
for this lack of data. Knowledge of the relation between modes of action of compounds and interspecies variation in sensitivity
should be integrated in risk assessment procedures in order to make more efficient use of the limited financial resources
available. 相似文献
974.
/ Geographic information systems (GIS) allow users to explore possible spatial relations that may exist within their data. At the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), GIS data is being used to help make management decisions. Thirteen geographic data layers of the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, were used to help demonstrate the usefulness of GIS for making fisheries management decisions. The data were used to help identify potential acquisition areas within the Meramec River Basin. The basin was separated into 22 strata based on ecoregion boundaries, watershed boundaries, and stream order. Suitability for acquisition was determined for each stratum based on species richness, habitat characteristics, percent of public land, and number of human impacts, such as gravel and ore mining. Eleven strata scored high enough to be recommended as potential acquisition areas. After further evaluation of the 11 strata, three were chosen as areas where available land and willing sellers should be considered. Four strata needed more sampling before land within them should be considered for acquisition. The final four were considered low priority because there was already a considerable amount of public land present in the strata. The analysis was helpful in allowing managers to focus in on a smaller area for acquisition consideration; 91% of the area was eliminated from the analysis. Instead of having to survey every parcel of land that becomes available, parcels that don't fall within the recommended strata can be eliminated without further investigation. 相似文献
975.
It is difficult to make general recommendations that apply to all ecosystems. There is still a relative dearth of studies
that allow the manager or visitor to come up with specific practices that are the best for their area. The preferred method
of disposal remains to dig a small hole (cat hole) and bury the waste. Other site specific methods are also discussed.
Treatment of drinking water has become standard practice for most backcountry travel. With such treatment, there is little
evidence currently to suggest that the health hazard to humans is great enough to impose further regulation in areas currently
using cat holes. 相似文献
976.
/ Protected area management is increasingly important throughout the world, particularly in less developed countries and arid regions. The Middle East, includingJordan, has important and unique resources due to its varied topography and climate. In Jordan, the protected areas are privately, rather than publicly, managed, and this provides for a unique and somewhat challenging management effort. The purpose of this paper is to review the establishment and administration of Jordan's protected areas with particular emphasis on the challenges of multiple administrative and legislative layers, departmental working relationships, and a paucity of funding. Interviews with government and nongovernmental experts in Jordan, coupled with a review of pertinent academic and planning literature, served as the information base for this study. Despite new legislative and administrative initiatives, results reveal important and continuing challenges for Jordan. Recommendations include completion of protected area inventories, government wide institutional strengthening, partnering with organizations and the public, as well as legislative reexamination. 相似文献
977.
In recent years, Turkey has experienced rapid economic and population growth coupled with both an equally rapid increase in
energy consumption and a vast disparity in welfare between socioeconomic groups and regions. In turn, these pressures have
accelerated the destruction of productive, assimilative, and regenerative capacities of the ecosystems, which are essential
for the well-being of the people and the economy. This paper describes the structure and function of major ecosystem types
in Turkey and discusses the underlying causes of environmental degradation in the framework of economy, energy, environment,
and ethics. From a national perspective, this paper suggests three sustainability-based policies necessary for Turkey's long-term
interests that balance economic, environmental, and energy goals: (1) decoupling economic growth from energy consumption growth
through the development of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies; (2) linking economic efficiency and distributive
justice of wealth and power through distributive and participatory public policies; and (3) integrating the economic and ecological
systems through the internalization of externalities and ecosystem rehabilitation. 相似文献
978.
Kaufman MM 《Environmental management》2000,26(1):89-97
/ To test the effectiveness of Michigan's soil erosion control law, 30 construction sites were evaluated in the east-central part of the state. The analytical framework lumped nine best management practices (BMPs) most closely related to the law into three categories: slope stabilization, soil stabilization, and water management. All sites were in the land clearing or foundation/framing stage of construction and were evaluated within 2 days after a rainfall event. Only four of the sites performed above the mean of the scoring scale, with the categorical scoring of BMPs indicating the worst performance for slope stabilization measures. The poor results suggest a failure to integrate scientific knowledge of erosion control with policy. A fundamental problem is the lack of basic site data on soil, topography, and hydrology, resulting in the incorrect application of BMPs, such as staging, filter fences, and berms. The current institutional framework for soil erosion control also provides disincentives to mitigate local erosion problems. 相似文献
979.
Examining Hazard Mitigation Within the Context of Public Goods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reddy SD 《Environmental management》2000,25(2):129-141
/ This paper presents a case study of an American barrier island devastated by a hurricane to show how it is addressing the free-riding problem and protecting its public goods, thereby contributing to hazard mitigation. It examines hazard mitigation and the free-riding problem within the public goods framework. Free-riding is a term used in the public choice theory and common pool resource literature. It is a term used for describing the actions of rational individuals who freely exploit a collective or public good at the expense of others. Free-riding is a major problem faced by public goods. The problem very frequently occurs in the context of hazard mitigation and coastal resource management. Very little is known about the factors that contribute to the promotion of hazard mitigation. This paper identifies some of the important factors that help local institutions provide and sustain hazard mitigation measures. Theoretical and practical implications for hazards research and disaster management policy are presented. 相似文献
980.
MacDonald LH 《Environmental management》2000,26(3):299-315
Since any proposed activity could contribute to a wide range of potential CEs at different spatial and temporal scales, a
tiered or nested approach should be followed to assess CEs. The difficulty of assessing and predicting CEs also suggests that
in many cases the most efficient approach is to focus on minimizing on-site impacts. Under some circumstances adaptive management
can also be a viable alternative to detailed CE assessments. Regular monitoring and feedback is critical to the successful
management and regulation of CEs. 相似文献