生物沸石人工湿地强化硝化处理污水处理厂二级出水研究

以生物沸石人工湿地(CW)中试装置处理实际城镇污水处理厂二级出水,通过273 d的运行,探讨了生物沸石人工湿地强化硝化处理二级出水的性能及温度对其硝化率的影响。结果表明:生物沸石人工湿地能够快速高效地去除二级出水中的氨氮,正常运行阶段氨氮平均去除率达90.5%,出水氨氮平均浓度低于0.5 mg/L。系统重启恢复快、周期短,12 d后氨氮平均去除率达到70%以上。低温阶段(低于13 ℃),生物沸石人工湿地对氨氮的平均去除率依然保持在67.6%。温度对强化硝化效果有显著影响,当水温从低于15 ℃缓慢升至25 ℃以上时,生物沸石人工湿地的氨氮平均硝化率从28%升至62%;强化硝化出水无明显的亚硝态氮积累现象,除低温阶段,出水亚硝态氮平均浓度为0.16 mg/L。氨氮主要是被微生物强化硝化成硝态氮。     

A general procedure to identify indicators for evaluation and monitoring of nature-based solution projects

In the last years, the idea of using natural elements or nature-based solutions (NbS) to mitigate the impacts of cities on climate, biodiversity and citizens'' health became more popular in research and practice. Nevertheless, there are currently uncertainties in finding and selecting appropriate criteria and indicators for monitoring and evaluating the impact and performance of NbS and its co-creation processes. This paper proposes an easy-to-use and structured procedure for selecting appropriate criteria and indicators for monitoring and evaluating any kind of NbS project. The user is guided step by step in selecting meaningful metrics. The procedure is tested using a real case study from the Horizon 2020 research project CLEVER Cities as an example. The test shows that by following the indicated procedure, the criteria and indicator selection process is speeded up and reproducible.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01740-0.     

Foresight science in conservation: Tools,barriers, and mainstreaming opportunities

Foresight science is a systematic approach to generate future predictions for planning and management by drawing upon analytical and predictive tools to understand the past and present, while providing insights about the future. To illustrate the application of foresight science in conservation, we present three case studies: identification of emerging risks to conservation, conservation of at-risk species, and aid in the development of management strategies for multiple stressors. We highlight barriers to mainstreaming foresight science in conservation including knowledge accessibility/organization, communication across diverse stakeholders/decision makers, and organizational capacity. Finally, we investigate opportunities for mainstreaming foresight science including continued advocacy to showcase its application, incorporating emerging technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence) to increase capacity/decrease costs, and increasing education/training in foresight science via specialized courses and curricula for trainees and practicing professionals. We argue that failure to mainstream foresight science will hinder the ability to achieve future conservation objectives in the Anthropocene.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01786-0.     

Preliminary Evidence for Pollen as an Indicator of Recent Floodplain Accumulation Rates and Vegetation Changes: The Barmah-Millewa Forest, SE Australia

Eucalyptus forest; and in the composition of understorey herbs, sedges, and grasslands. Pollen concentration and charcoal and organic content also exhibit post-European changes. Thus, pollen analysis provides a technique for determining changes in sediment budgets and identifying major vegetation changes in floodplains.     

The influence of odour on the oviposition behaviour of the cabbage root fly

Summary. Host plant odours are known to be important in long-range host location by the cabbage root fly, whereas at short distances orientation is mainly visual. We show that olfaction also plays a significant role after a fly lands on a plant and before it moves down onto the soil to oviposit. Host plant acceptance by the cabbage root fly seems to result from a synergistic response to simultaneously perceived olfactory and contact chemostimulation. Received 12 May 1999; accepted 24 July 1999     

合成洗涤剂对小鼠诱变性研究

连续５天腹腔注射同一剂量（１／５ＬＤ５０）的合成洗涤剂，取小鼠骨髓细胞测定嗜多染色红细胞的微核率，研究表明，３种合成洗涤剂（加大香洗衣粉，洁牌餐具洗涤剂，恩威高级餐具洗洁精）使小鼠微核率有所增高，但恩威，洁牌餐具洗涤剂与对照无显著性差异。     

Chemical egg defense in Photuris firefly “femmes fatales”

Summary. Female Photuris fireflies contain defensive chemicals of two types. They sequester steroidal pyrones (lucibufagins) from male fireflies of the genus Photinus that they eat, and themselves produce the defensive betaine N-methylquinolinium 2-carboxylate. Chemical analyses of Photuris eggs showed that females that fed on Photinus males endow their eggs with both lucibufagin and the betaine, while those that did not feed on Photinus lay eggs that contain betaine, but virtually no lucibufagin. Photuris females collected in the field during the Photinus flight season laid eggs that invariably contained betaine, but lucibufagin only at times. Predation experiments showed that Photuris eggs are essentially unacceptable to larvae of a coccinellid beetle (Harmonia axyridis) and an ant (Leptothorax longispinosus), but moderately acceptable to an earwig (Forficula auricularia). When applied experimentally to palatable insect eggs, lucibufagin proved deterrent to these three predators, while the betaine proved deterrent to the ant and coccinellid larva only. Both types of defensive compound decreased egg predation in the field. By endowing their eggs with both exogenous and endogenous chemicals, Photuris females are essentially “maximizing their options”– when feeding on Photinus, their eggs are doubly protected, but they are not entirely defenseless when the females are unable to procure lucibufagin. Received 12 August 1999; accepted 27 August 1999     

维修时间不确定性下配电网灾后维修队安排的鲁棒恢复研究*

为最小化灾后配电网损失量,准确描述完整维修队工作时间（分为路途时间与具体维修时间）,依据台风路径对维修队所需路途时间进行分类,并利用期望概率描述具体维修时间的不确定性。建立2阶段分布式鲁棒优化模型,采用CCG算法分析国内某地区配电网算例发现:考虑维修时间不确定性可以有效减少配电网损失量。     

Evaluating Sediment Stability at Sites with Historic Contamination

The stability of cohesive sediment deposits during a rare storm is a critical component in the evaluation of remedial options at a contaminated sediment site. Estimating scour depths during a rare storm, and the resulting contaminant concentrations in the surficial layer of the bed, is necessary for comparing the efficacy of various remedial alternatives. Evaluation of sediment stability is accomplished using sediment transport analyses that employ quantitative procedures. Qualitative analyses or conceptual models can be useful for developing and validating quantitative analysis tools; however, qualitative techniques alone generally are insufficient for conducting defensible remedial alternative evaluations. The level of analysis used for a specific site depends on data availability, required level of accuracy, and time and budget constraints. A tier 1 analysis involves the use of approximate equations to produce order-of-magnitude estimates of scour depths during a rare storm. The second tier of this analysis scheme employs the development and application of a sediment transport model to evaluate bed stability. State-of-the-science sediment transport models have been effectively used as management tools for evaluating remedial options at several contaminated sediment sites. It should not be presumed that rare storm events cause catastrophic impacts at the site under review. Two case studies demonstrate that a rare storm is not necessarily catastrophic; significant increases in surficial bed concentrations caused by reexposure of elevated concentrations buried at depth in the bed will not necessarily occur during a rare storm. However, it is important to note that sediment stability is site-specific.     

辅助矿山救护队的建设工作应该加强

在现代煤矿里，灾害和事故仍然是不可避免的。采取减小组织内成员的自由度来强化专业救灾机构的整体功能固然重要，但非专业化的辅助矿山救护队的建设工作更应加强。因为他们亲临现场，熟悉灾情，又处于救灾的黄金时间里。因此，对是否酿成灾害和灾害中损失的控制问题，辅助矿山救护队有更多的优势。