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71.
生活垃圾生物处理的研究与展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
吴昊  张赣道 《环境科技》2004,17(2):38-40
综述了国内外生活垃圾生物处理的研究进展和目前生活垃圾微生物研究水平,以及生活垃圾处理发展趋势与新动向,在此基础上提出了生活垃圾处理的建议和展望。  相似文献   
72.
农药杀虫单的稻田流失规律研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过测坑、人工降雨等手段,对水溶性农药杀虫单的稻田消解动态、渗漏流失和径流流失等进行了研究。结果表明,(1)无水稻时,杀虫单在稻田水中消解的半衰期为0.76d;分蘖初期,杀虫单在稻田水中降解的半衰期为1.02d;平均为0.89d。(2)杀虫单的渗漏流失量在用药后8d内可达总用药量的7%—10%,平均为8.48%。(3)极端情况下,用药当天如果遇暴雨(50mm雨量),杀虫单的径流流失量将达到用药量的30%左右。杀虫单的渗漏损失不可避免,故其流失控制应从径流损失着手,尽量避免在可能有暴雨的当天或雨前1—2d用药。  相似文献   
73.
TiO2光催化降解垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二噁英的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
光催化降解有机污染物是目前环保研究的热点课题。本文以垃圾焚烧炉的飞灰为对象,研究TiO2作为催化剂在500w汞灯照射下,飞灰中二噁英的随光照时间的降解效率。实验结果表明:在一定的光照条件下,TiO2光催化氧化分解二噁英的效率与飞灰本身的特性有关,特别是与飞灰含碳量以及铁等金属含量有关。飞灰中铁、铜等金属元素可促进二噁英光解,而碳则抑制了二噁英的光解。  相似文献   
74.
    
Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel (LNG) by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius (CA) and Eichhornia crassipes (EC), were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control (p 〈 0.05), with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates (77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC), while the adsorption rates were lower (1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC). The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.  相似文献   
75.
金属矿山废弃地类型划分与生态退化特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王超  毕君 《环境保护科学》2012,38(1):41-44,49
由于矿山开采中地表结构扰动、环境污染等因素导致矿山废弃地生态系统极度退化。通过对其产生原因和占地现状、特征的分析,将金属矿山废弃地划分为5大类15个类型,对其生态退化特征进行了评价;其中地表结构的不稳定性、土壤和植被的缺失及重金属离子污染是生态退化的主要限制性特征,也是生态恢复的难点和重点,并对不同类型金属矿山废弃地的生态治理措施进行了探讨。  相似文献   
76.
    
● Methods for estimating the aging of environmental micro-plastics were highlighted. ● Aging pathways & characterization methods of microplastics were related and reviewed. ● Possible approaches to reduce the contamination of microplastics were proposed. ● The prospect and deficiency of degradable plastics were analyzed. With the increasing production of petroleum-based plastics, the problem of environmental pollution caused by plastics has aroused widespread concern. Microplastics, which are formed by the fragmentation of macro plastics, are bio-accumulate easily due to their small size and slow degradation under natural conditions. The aging of plastics is an inevitable process for their degradation and enhancement of adsorption performance toward pollutants due to a series of changes in their physiochemical properties, which significantly increase the toxicity and harm of plastics. Therefore, studies should focus on the aging process of microplastics through reasonable characterization methods to promote the aging process and prevent white pollution. This review summarizes the latest progress in natural aging process and characterization methods to determine the natural aging mechanism of microplastics. In addition, recent advances in the artificial aging of microplastic pollutants are reviewed. The degradation status and by-products of biodegradable plastics in the natural environment and whether they can truly solve the plastic pollution problem have been discussed. Findings from the literature pointed out that the aging process of microplastics lacks professional and exclusive characterization methods, which include qualitative and quantitative analyses. To lessen the toxicity of microplastics in the environment, future research directions have been suggested based on existing problems in the current research. This review could provide a systematic reference for in-depth exploration of the aging mechanism and behavior of microplastics in natural and artificial systems.  相似文献   
77.
The decomposition of leaf litter is controlled by several factors. One factor that may play an important role is the content of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). Here we designed a combined method to isolate proanthocyanidins from leaf extracts, to convert them to anthocyanidins, and to quantify individual anthocyanidins exactly with a new, simple, but sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method. We used this method to show composition of proanthocyanidins and to monitor degradation of proanthocyanidins and individual constituents in leaf litter in an aquatic environment over time. Despite the rapid decrease in the initial concentrations, a fraction of the proanthocyanidins remained detectable for several weeks.  相似文献   
78.
羽毛角蛋白的生物降解   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
羽毛角蛋白是自然界中丰富的蛋白资源,由于其难以被解解而造成环境污染,近些年来对它的生物降解及有关角蛋白酶的研究取得了一定进展,对此作一简要综述。  相似文献   
79.
浅谈滨海湿地生态环境退化监测与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
指出了滨海湿地面临的主要环境问题。简述了美国、欧洲、澳大利亚等滨海湿地现状及监测评价方法。对我国滨海湿地管理与研究进展进行了分析探索。  相似文献   
80.
苯胺分解菌的驯化筛选研究   总被引:39,自引:3,他引:39  
采用某药厂下水道污泥富集的菌种,通过驯化筛选得到对苯胺分解能力强的专性菌种Ochrobactrumanthropi。通过正交实验得出Ochrobactrumanthropi的最适生长条件:pH为6~7,温度为35~40℃,NaCl浓度为0.6%。在适合的条件下,Ochrobactrumanthropi对苯胺有较好的降解能力。   相似文献   
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