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641.
Indonesia is a major exporter of tropical hardwoods. The country's goal is to establish integrated wood industries by reducing the export of unprocessed sawlogs. The value of hardwood sawlog exports has decreased by twothirds in 1986 dollars since 1978, while the value of hardwood sawnwood and plywood exports has increased sixfold. Sawlog exports are now banned. This article contrasts the official governmental policy on forest industry development with the operational realities of doing business in Indonesia. 相似文献
642.
The paper examines characteristics of science parks in the face of employment decline, raising doubts about the scale of their success. The paper re‐examines previous research on the existence and causes of long waves of economic growth and decline and concludes that if these are not generated by innovations in production, then it should not be surprising that science parks have not lived up to expectations. 相似文献
643.
Ulf Wiberg 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1986,29(2):70-74
The computer and telecommunications technology has created new opportunities for developing interaction between offices and enterprises located far away from each other. Even if the market forces favour concentration to R & D centres in the big cities and in university towns, there are expectations that the distance over‐bridging qualities of the new technology can create development opportunities for sparsely populated peripheral areas. In this paper the interplay between the new technology and other important factors in the local and regional environment are discussed with the focus on both opportunities and restrictions. 相似文献
644.
John E. Keith Rangesan Narayanan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(6):1247-1256
ABSTRACF: Examination of a series of studies of the economically efficient water allocations in the Upper Colorado River, Yellowstone River, and Great Basins indicate that water is not a serious general physical constraint on the development of energy resources, so long as public institutions do not hinder the exchange of water rights in markets. Energy development will cause limited impacts on other water-using sectors, principally agriculture. There appears to be little reason to develop large-scale water storage facilities, even during periods of reduced water production. Water storage developments appear to be necessary only when institutional constraints severely restrict water rights markets and transfers. 相似文献
645.
Paul Lawless 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1988,31(1):13-18
There has been a marked proliferation of local economic development initiatives in recent years. Enterprise Boards have proved one of the most successful of these innovations. In the early 1980s five were established. Two, the Greater London and the West Midlands Enterprise Boards, were initially designed to intervene radically within their local economies, although subsequent events moderated their activities. The remaining three in Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Merseyside, have successfully widened their operations to embrace collaborate projects with the private sector, training, boosting co‐operatives, and research. By many economic evaluations, for example, jobs supported, leverage ratios and investment per job, Enterprise Boards have performed better than other instruments of urban and regional development. Wider socio‐political objectives have proved more difficult to achieve. 相似文献
646.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 designated national parks and wilderness areas larger than 1894 ha to be class I areas
for air quality management, setting more restrictive criteria than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Class I areas
are afforded the greatest degree of air quality protection under the Clear Air Act of 1970. In recent years, several studies
have documented air pollution effects in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), the second-largest class I area
in the eastern United States. Air pollution problems of greatest concern in the GSMNP are effects of acid deposition, visibility
impairment, and tropospheric ozone. Several recent events have increased concerns about air quality management in the class
I area of the GSMNP. A forum, sponsored by the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Cooperative (SAMAB), was held in
March 1992, which involved representative. parties-at-interest and began to address strategies for better management of air
resources in the Southern Appalachians. This paper summarizes those discussions and recommendations and reports actions occurring
as a result of the forum. Another objective of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for more effective management
of the class I area of the GSMNP. 相似文献
647.
江苏沿海滩涂开发现状分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文作者根据多年的江苏滩涂开发利用调查资料,着重分析了江苏滩涂开发成就,开发潜力和制约因素三方面的现状,提出了加快滩涂开发的重要措施。 相似文献
648.
山东省自然条件优越,生态环境多样,因而具有极其丰富的生物多样性,本文初步研究了山东省生物多样性现状,保护与经济协调发展对策。 相似文献
649.
本文在西藏高山松进行的采脂试验和对松脂及其加工产品松香,松节油的成分,含量和质量分析的基础上,论述了西藏高山松松脂资源潜在的质量优势及其潜在的经济效益,据此结合西藏的实际,对开发利用高山松松脂资源的前景作了分析并提出了几点建议。 相似文献
650.