"铁酱油"为何难入百姓家?

曾经,在食盐中加入碘酸钾（KlO3）帮助我国大多数地区摆脱了碘缺乏病。家家户户的灶台上,一顿顿的美食味道里都有它的身影。而同样是为了解决铁营养的“铁强化酱油”却似乎没有碘盐那样幸运,老百姓对着货架皱起了眉头,专家学者在媒体上众说纷纭,“铁酱油”依然难入百姓家。     

Nutrient distribution within and release from the contaminated sediment of Haihe River

We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand (> 60%). The fraction of clay was < 3%. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P (exchangeable phosphorus), 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P (Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus), 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P (calcium-bound phosphorus), and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P (organic phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

有机碳与温度对土壤吸附乙基叔丁基醚的影响

作为具有很大市场潜力的汽油添加剂乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE),国内对其在地下水土中的污染风险评价与迁移归宿研究甚少.通过静态吸附实验研究了ETBE在我国六种不同有机碳含量的标准土壤样品中的吸附特性.研究表明,在1～143 mg/L的实验浓度范围内ETBE在土壤样品中的吸附行为均呈良好的线性关系.ETBE在各土壤样品中吸附分...     

餐饮废油回收加工废水处理实验研究

利用了UASB反应器处理餐饮废油加工产生的废水,分析了厌氧对有机污染物去除率效果.研究表明,在中温(37±2℃)环境下,UASB CODCr有机负荷在9 kg/(m3·d)左右时,CODCr去除率在90％左右,运行稳定.     

三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢的急性毒性及乙酰胆碱酯酶毒性效应

利用三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢进行毒性效应实验,结果表明,三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢的12、24、36、48 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为:635、241、116、58μg/L-1.24 h暴露后,1、10、100、500、1000μg/L各浓度组之间试验动物脑乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活存在显著差异(P>0.05);48 h暴露后,1、10、...     

环评工作中常见噪声源的噪声控制措施

在环评工作中,会遇到各种各样的噪声源,即使同一种噪声源,在不同的项目中工况和环境条件也不尽相同。因此,在确定噪声控制对策时需要具体问题具体分析。本文分析了风机、空压机、水泵、粉碎机械、冷却塔等通用机械的噪声特性并提出了噪声控制的一般方法;说明了高等级公路交通噪声控制的措施,还对环境影响报告书中常见噪声控制对策进行了评述。     

香溪河库湾浮游植物调查及多样性研究

为了分析新生水库库湾藻类组成及演替规律,2010年对三峡水库香溪河库湾进行了跟踪监测,对监测结果用9种多样性指数进行多样性评价,用综合营养状态指数进行水质评价,并将9种评价指数分别与综合营养状态指数进行拟合分析,得出最适于评价香溪河水体污染程度的评价指数。结果表明春季优势藻种为硅藻、夏季为绿藻和蓝藻、秋季为硅藻和绿藻,冬季为甲藻。XX06秋季与冬季富营养化程度为贫营养级,春季与秋季主要为轻-中度富营养级。Menhinick index与综合营养状态指数的拟合度最大,最能反映水污染程度变化趋势。     

水质遥感研究进展

本文简述了遥感技术在水质监测中的意义,总结了可用于遥感监测的水质指标,同时对清澈水体、一类水体、二类水体及污染水体的光谱特征分别给予了介绍。着重讨论了水质遥感的基本方法,并在此基础上从营养盐、有机污染物和营养状态指数三项水质指标出发,对其研究现状进行了阐述,最后进一步提出了水质遥感领域中存在的主要问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

粤闽交界中强地震前水化学异常特征分析

研究了粤闽交界90年以来ML≥4.5地震前水化学前兆资料,结果表明:(1)水化学前兆异常形态复杂多样,以短期和短临变化为主;(2)同一台站震前所观测的异常变化具有多测项同步异常的特征;(3)震前异常持续时间、异常形态与震中距有关。同时研究表明,统计水化学异常出现的集中程度无法判定未来震中位置。