210Pb和137Cs计年在尼罗河三角洲的应用现状与适用性分析

本文详细梳理了210Pb和137 Cs计年法在尼罗河三角洲泻湖沉积年代学研究的历史过程以及遇到的困境,并结合笔者近期研究结果,进一步论证了该手段在近百年湖泊沉积速率测定和沉积过程研究等方面仍具有较高适用性。同时,笔者从钻孔采样位置、岩性状况、采样间距、计算模式等四个方面提出了在实际应用210 Pb和137 Cs计年中应注意的细节,以期为今后该手段应用于湖泊环境污染年代测定研究取得理想效果提供一定理论帮助。     

北京平原夏垫断裂沉积旋回研究

通过对夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)第四纪堆积物逐层分析和对比,定性的分析出夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)距地表10 m范围内,各层的沉积环境和相应的沉积韵律特征。研究发现:由探槽所揭露的地层可以分为7个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回由上部的细粒层和下部的粗粒层组成,粒度上细下粗;细粒层均为含碳粘土和粉砂质粘土,具有湖相沉积的特点,其沉积环境多为还原环境或弱还原环境;粗粒层一般为细砂、粗砂层,具有快速堆积的特点,其沉积环境多为氧化环境或弱氧化环境;分析认为,断塞沉积所显示的韵律性结构是地震周期性活动的结果,这一研究是揭示夏垫断裂的古地震事件,反演古地震活动并预测其未来行为的基础。     

Dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5–2647.1 mg/(m2·day), with an average of 545.4 mg/(m2·day), which is 2–10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6 × 1011–48.7 × 1011g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.     

Immigrant Pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates：A novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria

Immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. However, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. To examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves： （1） an indigenous strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri Nov. Y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and （2） an immigrant strain Pantoea agglomerans labeled with cyan fluorescent protein isolated from pear, were studied. Under moist conditions, P. agglomerans cells quickly disappeared from direct observation by laser- scanning confocal microscopy, although elution results indicated that large amounts of live cells were still present on the leaves. Following exposure to desiccation stress, particles of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled P. agglomerans were visible within cracked aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Detailed observation of sectioned aggregates showed that colonies of immigrant P. agglomerans were embedded within aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Furthermore, carbon-resource partitioning studies suggested that these two species could coexist without significant nutritional competition. This is the first observation of an immigrant bacterium embedding within aggregates of indigenous bacteria on leaves to evade harsh conditions in the phyllosphere.     

五水共治的意义思考

在新时期的大背景之下,环境发展不再是单纯地依靠摧毁生态环境来获取相关的经济效益,而是与自然和谐共处,走一条可持续发展的道路。浙江省委省政府以及相关的环保部门在这一思想的指导下,提出了"五水共治"的发展战略。这在浙江省的历史上尚属首次,也是我省政府对于新时期的可持续发展政策的深刻理解以及灵活变通的结果。因此,笔者将就"五水共治"的意义与读者作一些探讨,以飨读者。     

“五水共治”背景下的小城市污水工程规划与建设——以浙江省庆元县松源镇为例

2013年底,在浙江省委十三届四次全会上,"治污水、防洪水、排涝水、保供水、抓节水"——即"五水共治"被首次提出。2014年1月,浙江省第十二届人大二次会议上,省长李强的政府工作报告中,加强污水治理被列为为民办实事的十件之首。本文以"五水共治",重点在水污染治理和防洪排涝工程的建设和完善,即"治污为主,突出重点;水岸并举,系统治理"。     

压力平衡限位导向式控制阀的潜在灾难性故障分析

这篇通告的目的是提醒石油加工生产装置的责任人注意可能导致工艺设备内表面出现固体沉积的风险。保持工艺控制阀门的压力平衡孔道自由畅通，避免堵塞是特别重要的。     

分洪区数字地形模型建立及其应用

从实用的角度介绍了建立分洪区数字地形模型（ＤＴＭ）方程,并给出了在分洪区信息可视化、分洪区特征曲线生成、分洪区二维洪水演进等等方面的应用。     

煤矿粉尘沉积模型的研究

推导了落尘的沉积模型,提出了落尘聚集体、落尘凝结体的概念。通过对落尘颗粒间四种主要内聚力以及气流浮力的量级分析,指出矿井条件下抑制落尘颗粒二次飞扬的前提是使尘粒得到充分的湿润,并进行了两种集合体的二次飞扬试验     

共沉富集——单缝石英管火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铜,铅,锌,镉

采用共沉富集与单缝石英管技术，以火焰法测定地面水，地下水中的痕量铜，铅，锌，镉，检测限分别为０．５，１．８，０．２，０．１μｇ／Ｌ，四种痕量元素１１次测定的变异系数分别为２．８％，２．３％，３．１％和３．９％。