珍珠岩对蚯蚓同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的研究

本研究利用太平二号蚯蚓构建生物反应器,以污水处理厂脱水污泥和粉绿狐尾藻作为研究对象,探究添加不同比例的珍珠岩对蚯蚓动物反应器处理混合物的减量化、无害化和资源化效果.结果表明,添加珍珠岩能够显著提高蚯蚓动物反应器同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的效率,经反应器处理后,混合物减量化效果明显,处理后产物的pH、有机质、碱解氮和重金属含量(Cu、Pb、Cr)均表现为明显下降,电导率(EC)和速效磷显著上升.经反应器处理后,产物品质符合在pH6.5的中性和碱性土壤上的施用标准.结果显示,当珍珠岩添加比例为4%时,对动物反应器的实用性和经济性效果最佳.     

铁岭凡河大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性及BI指数评价

对铁岭凡河8个样点进行了大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性调查研究,共发现类群3门6纲11目28科63属75种。按照BI指数进行评价结果:孤家子、腰寨子、榛子岭水库入口、抚安堡、张搂子样点水体最清洁至清洁;新屯大桥样点清洁至轻污染;榛子岭水库出口、黄河子样点轻污染至中污染。     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

从“象王之死”到“1600只纸熊猫”

<正>它,庞大伟岸、一派王者风范,夯实稳健地向我们走来,身上罩着神圣的光晕,粗壮洁白的象牙弧长及地,在光芒中灼灼晶亮。它用坚定温厚的眼神最后凝望了这个世界,然后缓缓地转身离去……它,是"萨陶",肯尼亚象王。2014年6月,肯尼亚的萨沃国家公园管理员在公园的一片空地里发现了一动不动的"萨陶",它四肢展开着,孤单凄凉。曾经沾染着萨沃红土的皮肤现在却落满了秃鹫的粪便,更惨不忍睹的是     

云龙湖底栖动物的变化研究

监测分析云龙湖底栖动物种类变化、密度变化,底质组成与变化及生物多样性指数的变化来研究云龙湖水质的变化趋势。研究表明:近5年,云龙湖东湖水质有所改善,西湖富营养化有加重趋势。     

气候变化对海洋生物资源的影响及其应对之策

正全球气候变化已经成为全世界关注环境问题的焦点,海洋生物资源的保护也越来越受到人们的重视。然而,近年来,由于全球气候变化的加剧,无论是全球变暖所引起的海平面上升、海洋酸化、海洋生物大批量的生病和死亡、海洋外来物种入侵、物种遗传多样性降低,还是自然灾害的日益频繁发生,都对世界渔业资源产生极大的影响。为此,人类迫切需要采取恰当的措施以拯救不堪负荷的世界渔业资源和应对不利的气候变化给海洋生物资源带来的负面影响。     

江阴市河流底栖动物中重金属含量及评价研究

根据2010年10月对江阴市7条主要内河及长江江阴段的调查数据,分析了江阴市主要河流水体、表层沉积物及底栖动物对重金属的富集情况.结果表明,江阴市主要河流水体中的重金属含量都好于地表水Ⅲ类水标准;表层沉积物重金属含量也较低;根据底栖动物体内重金属含量、生物浓缩因子BCF和生物-沉积物富集因子BSAF,底栖动物对重金属有较强的富集能力,尤其是分布较广的水丝蚓,指示了张家港河、应天河沉积物中重金属污染较为严重.     

磁性污泥基活性炭催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬的研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同金属掺杂的磁性污泥活性炭(MSAC),考察了掺杂金属种类、催化剂和臭氧投量对MSAC催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬(IBP)效能的影响,并通过测定活性物种含量研究了反应机制。结果表明,锰掺杂MSAC的催化活性最高,当臭氧和催化剂投量分别为1.0 mg/L和50.0 mg/L时,IBP的去除率为86.2%,比单独臭氧氧化工艺高28.3%。当催化剂投量由50.0 mg/L增加至100.0 mg/L时,IBP的去除率仅增加了2.3%;当臭氧投量由1.0 mg/L增加至3.0 mg/L时,IBP去除率由86.2%增加至99.7%。叔丁醇的加入显著降低了IBP去除率,活性物种定量分析结果进一步证实了IBP的快速去除主要是由于羟基自由基(·OH)的作用,过氧化氢在·OH产生过程中起引发剂作用。     

溢油污染潮间带大型底栖动物体内总石油烃含量及风险动态

以溢油污染潮间带大型底栖动物无齿螳臂相手蟹为对象,研究其体内TPH含量分布及动态变化,并开展健康风险评估,判断污染区域生态系统修复与恢复措施的有效性,从而为类似溢油事故的处理处置提供参考.分别在采取应急处置后、应急处置1 a后和二次修复1 a后采集了沉积物和相关生物体样品,采用紫外分光光度法和荧光分光光度法测得TPH含量.结果表明,二次修复1 a后生物体内脏和肌肉组织中TPH含量较应急处置1 a后呈显著下降趋势(p0.05),分别下降了64.28%~83.81%和27.44%~48.02%,生物体内脏组织中TPH含量明显高于肌肉组织,且二者呈现显著正相关关系(p0.01).二次修复1 a后生物体内脏和肌肉组织中TPH含量与应急处置后沉积物中TPH含量呈明显的线性关系(y=0.001x+4.3831,R2=0.9089;y=0.0004x+1.7744,R2=0.8705),表明溢油事故造成的沉积物污染是影响生物体内TPH累积的一个重要因素.同时,人体健康风险评估结果显示,应急处置1 a后和二次修复1 a后生物体体内的TPH暴露风险指数均处于可接受水平,采取二次修复后,暴露风险指数有明显下降趋势,较应急处置后下降了62.81%~82.31%.研究结果表明应急和修复措施均取得了一定效果,可为今后类似事故处理处置提供参考.