宣威肺癌高发区冬季室内PM_(10)的微观形貌特征

高浓度的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)会对人体多个系统产生损害,室内PM10是宣威肺癌的发生的重要影响因素。应用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和图像分析技术研究了宣威肺癌高发区虎头村2008年冬季取暖期室内可吸入颗粒物的形貌特征以及不同种类颗粒物的数量-粒度和体积-粒度分布。结果表明,在数量-粒度分布上,烟尘集合体、矿物颗粒在虎头村呈现呈双峰分布,主峰为0.1～0.6μm,燃煤飞灰虎头村PM10数量贡献最大,说明虎头村燃煤污染严重;自然来源的不规则状沙尘对虎头村PM10的数量贡献更大;体积-粒度分布基本上呈单峰分布,1～2.5μm的颗粒物对质量浓度贡献较大。     

2021年一次春季北方沙尘过程对广州空气质量的影响

2021年3月,中国北方地区发生了大范围的沙尘天气,广州出现了连续3 d都以PM10为首要污染物的罕见现象.为进一步加深关于北方粗粒子气溶胶传输对广州市空气质量影响的理解,本文利用广东省广州生态环境监测中心站的污染物与气象监测数据,结合富集因子法、特征雷达图和后向轨迹法分析了沙尘影响前后广州市大气污染特征的转变.结果表明：沙尘影响期间,(1)粗细粒子浓度比(PM_2.5/PM₁₀)呈明显下降趋势,从沙尘影响前的0.59降低至0.27,广州市的污染特征由标准型、偏钢铁型转变为偏扬尘型;(2)大气颗粒物中Si、Fe、Ca、Pb、Al、Cu、K浓度显著升高,增幅超过50%,这7种元素的富集因子也显著升高,说明其污染源主要来自于粗颗粒气溶胶的长距离输送;(3)大气颗粒物中Zn和Mn浓度增长不明显,增幅均低于50%,V、Cr、Ni、As的浓度有所降低,这6种元素的富集因子也有所降低,说明其污染源主要来自于广州本地;(4)广州本次污染特征的转变受到源于蒙古国、中国内蒙古西部及南疆盆地的粗离子气溶胶远距离输送和本地生成的共同影响,反映了在大气颗粒物污染不断改...     

乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析

通过对乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物和多环芳烃主要污染源煤烟尘和机动车尾气尘进行采样和分析,得到可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度和污染源中多环芳烃的含量,利用化学质量平衡受体模型对其来源进行分析。     

如果你我都能做到——《“同呼吸 共奋斗”公民行为准则》解读

正近日,环境保护部发布了《"同呼吸共奋斗"公民行为准则》(以下简称《准则》)。针对公众对这一《准则》的初衷、作用和目的诸多不解,环境保护部宣传教育司有关负责人随后做了一番解读。为什么要出台《准则》?近些年,我国许多地区多次出现大范围雾霾天气,以可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)为特征污染物的区域性大气环境问题突出,引起人们     

“十一五”期间安庆市环境空气质量状况分析

根据安庆市环境空气质量监测数据,对＂十一五＂期间安庆市环境空气质量状况进行了分析,并与＂十五＂期间进行了比较。结果表明,＂十一五＂期间安庆市环境空气质量优良率总体呈下降态势,首要污染物主要为PM10,老城区的污染重于开发区。采暖期SO2及PM10的质量浓度高于其它月份,NO2测值随季节变化不明显,2009年起各种污染物浓度有所下降。与＂十五＂比较,＂十一五＂期间PM10的质量浓度大幅下降,SO2及NO2均有不同幅度的上升,环境空气质量优良率比＂十五＂略有下降。     

2009年夏沈阳一次大气灰霾污染过程及气象成因

利用2009年8月10-20日灰霾期间沈阳大气成分站大气能见度、相对湿度及可吸入颗粒物等资料,分析此次灰霾的分布特征:11d中有10 d共142 h次出现,灰霾期间能见度在1 312～9 869 m;霾的级别从轻微级别到重度级别,其中轻微到轻度级别出现的次数最多,占全部灰霾次数的92.8%;细粒子PM25质量浓度都超标,最大超标倍数2.88倍.反应性气体SO2和NO2的质量浓度不超标,空气质量在优至轻微污染之间变化;当全天都出现霾时,可吸入颗粒物PM10超标,最大超标0.22倍,空气质量为轻微污染;受均压场的控制,沈阳地区风速比较小,有时发生风场的辐合,且下沉气流强于上升气流;每天02时有一逆温存在,灰霾严重时,到早上08时还存在逆温.     

南方某市地铁车站空气PM10中重金属健康风险评估

以南方某城市的10个地铁车站作为研究对象,分析空气可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）样品中10种重金属砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、锑（Sb）、锡（Se）、铜（Cu）的质量浓度。采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的健康风险评估模型,对重金属通过呼吸途径引起的人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明,地铁车站空气PM₁₀中的重金属Cr和As对人群可能存在潜在致癌健康风险;重金属Mn、Cu、Pb、Se、Hg和Sb对人群的非致癌健康风险较小。提出,应进一步关注地铁车站空气PM₁₀中重金属对暴露人群可能存在的健康风险,采取有针对性的措施进行防护。     

9月警惕臭氧污染来袭

2012年5月初,香港环保署公布了一份与广东省环保厅联合调查的《粤港珠江三角洲区域空气监控网络2011年监测结果报告》.报告显示,2006年至2011年6年间监控网络录得的二氧化硫、二氧化氮及可吸入颗粒物的年平均浓度均有下降,但臭氧浓度不降反升,成为唯一上升的大气污染物指标.     

Estimation of PM10 in the traffic-related atmosphere for three road types in Beijing and Guangzhou, China

The levels of roadside PM10 in Beijing, China, were investigated in 2011 and 2012 on a seasonal basis to estimate the population exposure to particulates for three road types. The measurements of PM10 were also conducted in the southern Chinese megacity of Guangzhou for comparison purposes. The results showed that roadside PMlo in Beijing correlated strongly with the PM10 background in the urban atmosphere. The levels of PM10 in street canyons were markedly higher than those along the open roads and in crossroad areas because of limited ventilation. An elevation of PM10 was observed in April, which was possibly due to the sand storms that frequently occur in the spring. Based on these observations, roadside PM10 in Beijing could have multiple origins and was to some extent dispersion- governed. In Guangzhou, the roadside PM10 did not closely relate to the background values. The PM10 pollution was greatly affected by local traffic conditions. The simulation of PM10 for different road types was completed during the study period using the Motor Vehicle Emissions Factor Model （MOBILE6.2） as an emission model and the California Line Source Dispersion Model （CALINE4） and Operational Street Pollution Model （OSPM） as dispersion models. The MOBILE6.2/CALINE4 software package was demonstrated to be sufficient for the simulation of PM10 in the open roads and crossroad areas in both Beijing and Guangzhou, and the simulation results of roadside PM10 in the street canyons by the MOBILE6.2/OSPM package were in close agreement with those of the measurements.     

Online monitoring of water-soluble ionic composition of PM10 during early summer over Lanzhou City

Lanzhou is one of the most aerosol-polluted cities in China. In this study, an online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and GAses was deployed to measure major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-hour time resolution, and 923 samples were obtained from Apr 1 to May 24, 2011. During the field campaign, air pollution days were encountered with Air Quality Index more than 100 and daily average concentration of PM10 exceeding 150 μg/m3. Based on the variation of water-soluble ions and results of Positive Matrix Factorization 3.0 model execution, the air pollution days were classified as crustal species- or secondary aerosol-induced, and the different formation mechanisms of these two air pollution types were studied. During the crustal species pollution days, the content of Ca2+increased and was about 2.3 times higher than the average on clear days, and the air parcel back trajectory was used to analyze the sources of crustal species. Data on sulfate, trace gases and meteorological factors were used to reveal the formation mechanism of secondary aerosol pollution. The sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR) was derived from the 923 samples, and the SOR had high positive correlation with relative humidity in early summer in Lanzhou.