浸水率对低合金钢海水腐蚀行为的影响

目的计算不同浸水率试样的平均腐蚀速率,并与全浸条件下的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。方法采用电化学测量技术,测量不同干湿循环后试样在海水中的开路电位、极化电阻和电化学交流阻抗,分析不同浸水率对低合金钢电化学性能的影响。利用三维视频显微镜观察不同浸水率试样的腐蚀形貌,采用X射线分析仪分析锈层组成。结果干湿交替条件下低合金钢的腐蚀速率比全浸条件下增大1个数量级,自腐蚀电位正移150 mV左右,极化电阻增大2个数量级;且随着浸水率增大,腐蚀速率减小,自腐蚀电位无明显变化,试验初期电阻增大,但是试验后期无明显变化。结论观察腐蚀形貌和锈层组成,全浸条件下以FeOOH为主,干湿交替条件下出现较多的Fe3O4。     

载镁天然沸石复合材料对污水中氮磷的同步回收

采用载镁天然沸石为沉淀剂,以鸟粪石的形式回收模拟污水中的营养物质,考察了投加量、溶液pH、反应时间和共存Ca~(2+)对回收过程的影响,并利用FTIR、XRD、BET和SEM等手段对回收沉淀产物进行了化学组分和表面形貌分析,以揭示其回收机制.结果表明当材料投加量为0.4 g·L~(-1),溶液初始pH为7,反应时间为2 h时,载镁天然沸石对溶液中磷酸盐和氨氮的回收性能最佳,最大吸附量分别高达119.2 mg·g~(-1)和48.5 mg·g~(-1).载镁天然沸石对溶液中磷酸盐和氨氮的回收过程均符合拟二级动力学模型(R~20.99).载镁天然沸石对污水中营养物质的回收机制有鸟粪石化学沉淀、物理吸附、离子交换和静电吸附等,其中以鸟粪石沉淀法为主.共存Ca~(2+)会干扰载镁沸石对溶液中氮磷的同步回收,导致回收的沉淀组分除鸟粪石晶体外,还会存在部分磷酸钙等副产物.     

Effects of free iron oxyhydrates and soil organic matter on copper sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two paddy soils

Effects of free iron oxyhydrates (Fed) and soil organic matter (SOM) on copper (Cu2+) sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two typical paddy soils (Ferric-Accumulic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil H) and Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil W)) were investigated with and without treatment of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and of H2O2. The size fractions of aggregates were obtained from the undisturbed bulk topsoil using a low energy ultrasonic dispersion procedure. Experiments of equilibrium sorption and subsequent desorption were conducted at soil water ratio of 1:20, 25℃. For Soil H, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fractions was decreased by 5.9% for fine sand fraction, by 40.4% for coarse sand fraction, in comparison to 2.9% for the bulk sample. However, Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by over 80% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the clay-sized fraction in comparison to 88% for bulk soil. For Soil W, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fraction was decreased by 30% for the coarse sand fraction and by over 75% for silt sand fraction in comparison to 44.5% for the bulk sample. Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by only 2.0% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the fine sand fraction in comparison to by 3.4% for bulk soil. However, Cu2+ desorption rates were increased much in H2O2-treated samples by over 80% except the clay-sized fraction (only 9.5%) for Soil H. While removal of SOM with H2O2 tendend to increase desorption rate, DCB- and H2O2-treatments caused decrease in Cu2+ retention capacity of size fractions. Particularly, there hardly remained Cu2+ retention capacity by size fractions from Soil H after H2O2 treatment except for clay-sized fraction. These findings supported again the dominance of the coarse sand fraction in sorption of metals and the preference of absorbed metals bound to SOM in differently stabilized status among the size fractions. Thus, enrichment and turnover of SOM in paddy soils may have great effects on metal retention and chemical mobility in paddy soils.     

气田勘探开发环境监测计划与评价探讨

分析了气田产生的主要环境污染,介绍了气田大气、地表水、地下水和噪声的环境监测计划与评价方法。     

Effect of a seasonal di use pollution migration on natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir

This article aims to describe the influence of di use pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from di use sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM a ected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided e ective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.     

天津万利天然纤维薄膜有限公司

天津万利公司成立于1994年,系中外合资企业。厂址位于天津市武清区石各庄镇,占地145亩。公司现有职工500人,各类专业技术人员100余人,公司资产总额1．2亿元。现有1880mm、2200mm、3400mm、园网纸机各一台,3800mm长网纸机生产线二条,年生产高强瓦楞原纸15万t。     

天然沸石负载壳聚糖吸附溶液中镉(Ⅱ)的研究

根据天然沸石的离子交换特性,利用壳聚糖在酸性溶液中带有的正电荷,将踟目天然沸石与90%脱乙酰度壳聚糖的0.5%醋酸溶液混合,使壳聚糖负载在天然沸石上,制成颗粒吸附剂,用于吸附溶液中的Cd2 .结果表明,在最佳吸附条件下,即壳聚糖与天然沸石质量比为1:20,颗粒吸附剂用量为15 g/L,溶液中CD2 质量浓度不大于300 mg/L,pH=6～8,吸附平衡时间为8 h,Cd2 的吸附率为99%.本文结果为利用天然沸石原位修复镉污染土壤提供了理论依据.     

地方传真

宁夏全力构建草原绿色生态屏障 宁夏禁牧封育工作会议日前在银川召开。宁夏自2003年在全国率先实行全境内禁牧封育政策以来,草原生态恶化趋势得到有效遏制,草原植被覆盖度显著提高。截至2010年,草原建设直接受益农户210万人,畜牧产值达到86亿元。宁夏是全国十大牧区之一,现有天然草原3665万亩,占全区土地总面积的47．2％。实施禁牧封育后,封育区内的牧草、     

关于天然草地土壤对CH_4吸收的研究

内蒙古锡盟太仆寺旗天然草地转变为农田后,不同农垦年限下,土壤特性对CH4的吸收有不同的影响。结果表明:天然草地转变为农田后,降低了土壤吸收CH4的能力,CH4的吸收量随开垦年限的增加而逐渐降低,但垦殖20年以上的农田土壤对CH4累积吸收量差异不明显。相关分析表明:土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量是影响土壤CH4吸收的主要因子。     

小型季节性河流生态补水需水量及调度方案研究

针对目前城市河流经常断流的突出问题, 以重庆主城典型重污染河流伏牛溪为例, 开展城市小型季节性河流生态补水自动调度方案的研究。通过分析伏牛溪年内径流特征, 确定了其补水时段为每年的11月~次年4月;通过计算伏牛溪生态环境需水量, 认为对于小型季节性河流的补水不应一味地追求常年丰沛、稳定的水量, 而应以重塑季节性河流天然健康的自然流态为目标, 从而提出了一种基于天然健康需水量的生态补水调度方案, 并制定了河源水库电动阀门及补水泵的运行控制策略等具体技术措施。结果表明, 采用该调度方案, 不仅能实现伏牛溪生态补水系统的自动化运行, 而且与现有补水系统运行方式相比, 可节能67.4%, 为补水系统的可持续运行创造了条件。