溶菌酶和硫酸铝联用优化污泥脱水性能的研究

以污泥沉降体积、污泥比阻和污泥泥饼含水率为指标,考察了溶菌酶和硫酸铝联用时加药方式和加药剂量对活性污泥沉降性能及脱水性能的影响。结果表明,先投加溶菌酶后投加硫酸铝时污泥的脱水性能更佳,硫酸铝和溶菌酶的最佳投加量均为0.10 g/g TS(总固体),此时,污泥泥饼含水率和污泥比阻分别可达71.84%和0.68×1012m/kg,相比于硫酸铝单独调理分别降低了约5%和0.23×1012m/kg。污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量分析表明,溶菌酶和硫酸铝联用时显著降低了污泥中LB-EPS(松散附着性EPS)含量,在最佳投量下可将原污泥的LB-EPS中的蛋白质和多糖依次从(13.44±2.11)mg/L和(23.97±3.44)mg/L降至(1.72±0.32)mg/L和(8.69±0.15)mg/L,表明联合处理使得EPS中的水分得到释放,提高了脱水性能。     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

胞外聚合物对MBR中改性无纺布过滤性能的影响

采用统计分析方法研究了胞外聚合物(extra-cellular polymeric sub6tances, EPS)对浸渍式膜生物反应器(submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR)中聚乙烯醇改性聚丙烯无纺布过滤性能的影响.结果表明,无纺布膜组件表面污泥的溶解性EPS(soluble EPS, EPSs)、EPSs,组成(protein/carbohydrate, P/C)以及相对疏水性(relative hydrophobicity, RH)对膜的过滤性能有显著影响,与膜污染阻力的皮尔逊相关系数(rp)分别为:0.868、0.840、0.890;改性无纺布膜组件能有效抑制EPSs,的吸附、降低EPSs组分中P/C的比率、减少活性污泥的沉积.表明聚丙烯无纺布通过亲水改性后,过滤性能得到明显改善,表现出一定的耐污染性.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

泥水预分离MBR膜污染缓减效能研究

通过长期运行实验,进行了泥水预分离膜生物反应器（sludge/water pre-separation membrane bioreactor, S/W-MBR）与传统淹没式膜生物反应器（submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR）对比研究,考察了污泥浓度、胞外聚合物含量（extracellular polymeric substances, EPS）及过膜阻力（trans-membrane pressure, TMP）随运行时间的变化规律及其对膜污染的缓减作用.结果表明,S/W-MBR与SMBR生物区的污泥浓度基本一致,而S/W-MBR膜区的污泥浓度较SMBR有显著降低.两者生物区的EPS含量均随运行时间的延长而增加,而S/W-MBR膜区的单位质量污泥的EPS含量始终保持在15 mg/g左右的较低水平.S/W-MBR比SMBR具有更好的缓减膜污染能力,在近90d的连续运行过程中,前者的膜组件仅需清洗2次,后者的膜组件清洗了5次.     

基质种类对活性污泥絮体性状的影响

利用葡萄糖、淀粉、乙酸钠和苯酚4种典型基质,分别在4个相同的序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)中培养活性污泥,并研究了基质种类对活性污泥絮体性状的影响.结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物培养的活性污泥胞外多糖含量最少,而苯酚所培养的活性污泥胞外蛋白质最多;从形成的EPS总量来看,苯酚最多,乙酸钠次之,葡萄糖和淀粉较少.不同基质培养的污泥Zeta电位也有一定差别,这是由EPS中多糖和蛋白质的比例不同造成的.红外分析表明,4种基质培养的污泥EPS中的主要基团较为相似,羧基、醇羟基、羧酸、酰胺和多聚糖均是EPS中的主要基团.此外,进水基质对活性污泥絮体的粒度分布及分形结构也有重要影响.     

电化学在三元复合驱采出水深度处理中的应用

采用电化学法对三元复合驱采出水常规工艺砂滤出水进行脱稳降黏处理,利用电絮凝催化氧化模块,实现高压脉冲电絮凝—微波紫外超声反应区—电催化氧化的联合作用,将悬浮固体降至5mg/L以下,聚合物降至50mg/L以下,含油量、COD及黏度均有大幅降低,为后续超滤膜、电渗析等深度处理工艺提供有利的进水条件,为配聚、外排提供技术支持。     

一体式膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物的提取方法比较及其对膜污染的影响

本文对一体式膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法及其对膜污染的影响进行了试验研究,结果表明:胞外聚合物提取方法中,物理方法中的热提法较为简便易行,适当的振荡频率可以提高提取效率,超声波法(30 W-6 min)是可行的提取方法,硫酸法、EDTA法和甲醛-NaOH法联用可以用于活性污泥提取EPS,其中甲醛-NaO...     

高效液相色谱/紫外/大气压化学电离-质谱联用用于聚合物中抗氧化添加剂的分析(二)

3 未知物的鉴定。保留时间可以使有经验的色谱工作者推测在相同的条件下,未知物的峰与一组已知物在结构上有什么差异,但是,鉴定需要更多的信息,而不是只靠所提供的色谱出峰模式．根据UV／VIS数据,我们通常可以推断分子的类别,特别是在我们讨论的化合物中都具有酚基团的化学结构更是如此．UV／VIS谱图可以用于推测,但若不预先掌握重要的相关知识,这种推测还不足以确证鉴定．另一方面,质谱数据具备推测结构细节必须的光谱分辨率,故可实现实际的化学鉴定．以下实例描述了几种情况,其中两个检测器对结构鉴定都是有帮助的．     

高分子聚合物型废弃钻井液的稳定机理及超声脱稳机制研究

高分子聚合物型废弃钻井液具有极高稳定性,难以固液分离,成为制约其资源化循环利用的关键瓶颈问题.本研究拟揭示高分子聚合物型废弃钻井液的稳定机理,并探究超声对废弃钻井液的脱稳效果和机制.采用X射线能谱和红外光谱等表面分析技术,结合胶体化学方法研究了钻井液的空间分子结构、稳定机理和超声脱稳机制.结果表明,钻井液中的颗粒以未包覆和高聚物表面包覆两种形式存在,共同形成高分子稳定颗粒体系.其中,未被高聚物包覆的岩屑颗粒遵循空位稳定和DLVO稳定机理,被高聚物表面包覆的加重材料遵循空间稳定和DLVO稳定机理.超声脱稳实验结果表明,在1000 W功率下超声处理5 min后,耦合添加0.02%阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺,脱水率高达81.0%,泥饼含水率低至29.3%,获得了优良的固液分离效果.超声通过破坏高分子聚合物长链结构实现高分子聚合物型废弃钻井液的脱稳.本研究为高分子聚合物型废弃钻井液脱稳技术的研发提供了理论支撑和研发方向.