近场脉冲地震下考虑模型不确定性的桥梁时变抗震分析

为了研究近场脉冲地震下桥梁结构的时变抗震性能,以一座常规连续梁桥为研究对象,引入氯离子侵蚀模型,在考虑多种不确定性因素基础上,采用拉丁超立方抽样建立不同服役时期的时变模型样本,运用增量动力分析方法,从能力、需求以及倒塌等方面对算例桥梁的时变抗震性能进行了研究和评价。结果表明:近场脉冲型地震下结构的抗震需求明显大于远场地震;氯离子侵蚀导致钢筋锈蚀后力学性能发生改变,箍筋对核心混凝土约束能力减弱,锈蚀纵筋屈服强度及极限拉应变都降低,导致桥墩的变形能力下降;与地面运动的不确定性相比,模型参数的不确定性对结构的抗震需求均值及离散性影响均不大;随着服役时间延长,钢筋锈蚀加剧,桥墩出现倒塌破坏的概率加大。     

垃圾衍生燃料气化后的无机底渣制备透水砖试验研究

通过对垃圾气化后的无机底渣在制备透水砖中不同掺量和集灰比的试验研究,依据JC/T945—2005《透水砖》中的要求,对其孔隙率,保水性,透水系数和抗压强度4项指标进行测定,探索了不同底渣掺量和集灰比下透水砖性能的简单变化规律,并综合优选出最佳配合比为A-2,即水灰比为2.8,集灰比为3.0,气化底渣掺量为20%。     

A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed and its experimental performance in eutrophication remediation

Numerous studies on eutrophication remediation have mainly focused on purifying water first, then restoring submerged macrophytes. A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed （RPIFB） was designed to combine the processes of water purification and macrophyte restoration simultaneously. Two outdoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological functions of the RP1FB. Trial 1 was conducted to compare the eutrophication purification among floating bed, gradual-submerging bed （GSB） and RPIFB technologies. The results illustrated that RPIFB has the best purification capacity. Removal efficiencies of RPIFB for TN, TP,NH4＋-N, NO3-N, CODcr, Chlorophyll-a and turbidity were 74.45%, 98.31%, 74.71%, 88.81%, 71.42%, 90.17% and 85%, respectively. In trial 2, influences of depth of GSB and photic area in RPIFB on biota were investigated. When the depth of GSB decreased and the photic area of RPIFB grew, the height of Potamogeton crispus Linn. increased, but the biomass of Canna indica Linn. was reduced. The mortalities of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Bellamya aeruginosa in each group were all less than 7%. All results indicated that when the RPIFB was embedded into the eutrophic water, the regime shift from phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated state could be promoted. Thus, the RPIFB is a promising remediation technology for eutrophication and submerged macrophyte restoration.     

城市污泥深度脱水调理药剂的筛选与优化研究

以佛山市镇安污水厂污泥为对象,以污泥沉降比、污泥比阻(SRF)、毛细吸水时间(CST)、泥饼含水率和脱水率为指标,研究比较了添加单一絮凝剂、有机-无机复合絮凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响,探讨了助凝剂对污泥脱水的影响。结果表明:1)单一絮凝剂作污泥调理剂时,以阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)脱水效果最好,其最佳投加量为30~60 mg/L。有机-无机絮凝剂复合作污泥调理剂,比之单一絮凝剂,污泥脱水效果有明显改善。2)添加石灰、粉煤灰等助凝剂,可显著提高污泥脱水效果,并能大幅降低絮凝剂添加量。在实验范围内,阳离子PAM 9 mg/L、粉煤灰30 g/L、生石灰30 g/L为最佳污泥调理药剂组合。     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

利用铅锌尾矿和CRT玻璃固体废弃物协同制备微晶玻璃工艺

以铅锌尾矿和CRT玻璃固体废弃物为主要原料,采用烧结法制备微晶玻璃材料。为确定基础玻璃的成分,以及尾矿、CRT玻璃及各化工原料的用料比例,设计了正交实验;研究了CaO,Al2O3,MgO等氧化物添加量对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响规律。通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法,考察了微晶玻璃产品的晶相、晶体形貌特征及性能。结果表明:利用铅锌尾矿、CRT玻璃废弃物制备微晶玻璃的最佳配方为:尾矿20%、CRT玻璃30%、添加辅料石英砂29.7%、方解石25%、Al2O312%、晶核剂TiO21%。SEM和XRD分析可知,微晶玻璃的主晶相为透辉石;打磨抛光处理后,平均显微硬度为8.76 GPa,平均抗折强度为223.1MPa;经酸、碱浸蚀后,质量变化分别为0.43%和0.58%,耐酸碱腐蚀性良好。     

金河石墨创新、节能两不误

石墨,以其耐高温、高强度、导电性能强的性质,被广泛应用于工业领域。随着我国冶金、化工、机械、医疗器械、核能、汽车、航空航天等行业的快速发展,这些行业对石墨及碳素制品的需求将会不断增长,中国石墨及碳素制品行业将保持快速增长。根据《中国石墨及碳素制品行业发展前景与投资战略规划分析报告前瞻》数据,2006—2011年,中国石墨及碳素制品行业销售收入年复合增长率为36．56％。     

锂电池正极材料Li2FeS2的充放电机理与热稳定性

随着移动电子设备的飞速发展,锂电池作为新型的能源载体也取得了巨大的进步。与嵌入式氧化物正极材料相比,Li2FeS2不仅具有理想的循环性能,而且其理论容量达到400mAh／g,约为嵌入式氧化物正极材料的2倍。因此,本文从晶体结构、电化学性能、充放电机制、充放电过程中的离子电导率变化以及热稳定性等方面对Li2FeS2正极材料进行了详细的阐述。     

综合指数影响评价模型在地下水防污性能评价中的应用

针对DRASTIC模型在地下水防污性能评价中存在的不足,提出模型的改进方法,在此基础上构建一套基于DRASTIC模型的综合指数影响评价(DRAICQ)模型,并应用于淮河流域中部某市地下水防污性能评价的实例研究中,绘制了研究区地下水防污性能评价分区图。结果表明:DRAICQ模型的计算结果更符合研究区的实际情况,评价效果较好;研究区地下水防污性能评价分区图对该区制定地下水防污措施具有重要的参考指导作用。     

微波及其组合工艺强化污泥厌氧消化研究

为提高剩余污泥的厌氧消化效能和脱水性能,考察了微波及其组合污泥预处理工艺的强化污泥厌氧消化效果,同时考察了预处理-厌氧消化过程的污泥理化特征及其脱水性能.结果表明,微波及其组合工艺可以强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷,其中微波-过氧化氢-碱(0.2)的强化效果最为显著,不仅30 d累计产甲烷量比对照组增加了13.34%,而且产甲烷速率也得到了提升.与单独微波处理相比,过氧化氢、碱的投加显著提高了溶解性COD的释放量,这表明微波、过氧化氢、碱之间的协同作用能有效破碎污泥,进而强化厌氧消化效果;微波-酸预处理后的污泥具有良好的脱水性能,毛细吸水时间(CST)只有9.85 s,污泥脱水性能的改善与其表面电性、粒径分布的变化密切相关;不同预处理条件下的污泥经过厌氧消化后,污泥脱水性能较为接近.