PM2.5, PM10 and health risk assessment of heavy metals in a typical printed circuit noards manufacturing workshop

A typical Printed Circuit Board（PCB） manufacturer was chosen as the object of this study.During PCB processing, fine particulate matter and heavy metals（Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni）will be released into the air and dust, which then impact workers＇ health and the environment. The concentrations of total suspended particle（TSP）, PM10 and PM2.5in the off-site were 106.3, 90.0 and 50.2 μg/m3, respectively, while the concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5in the workshops ranged from 36.1 to 365.3, from 27.1 to 289.8 and from 22.1 to212.3 μg/m3, respectively. Almost all six of the heavy metals were detected in all of the particle samples except Cd. For each workshop, it was obvious that Zn was the most enriched metal in TSP, followed by Cu 〉 Pb（Cr） 〉 Ni 〉 Cd, and the same trend was found for PM10 and PM2.5. In the dust samples, Cu（which ranged from 4.02 to 56.31 mg/g） was the most enriched metal, followed by Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd, and the corresponding concentrations ranged from 0.77 to 4.47, 0.37 to 1.59, 0.26 to 0.84, 0.13 to 0.44 and nd to0.078 mg/g, respectively. The health risk assessment showed that noncancerous effects are unlikely for Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni. The carcinogenic risks for Cd and Ni were all lower than 10-6, except for Cr. This result indicates that carcinogenic risks for workers are relatively possible in the workshops. These findings suggest that this technology is advanced from the perspective of environmental protection in the waste PCB＇s recycling industry.     

铅冶炼厂无组织排放源不同颗粒物中铅含量特征

使用TH 880-F型烟尘测试仪和低压颗粒物冲击仪(low pressure impactor,LPI)对云南某铅锌冶炼厂无组织排放区(1区和2区)烟气颗粒物进行分级采样,并分析各粒径段颗粒物中的铅元素粒径分布特征及含量情况.从铅在不同粒径颗粒物中的分布特征来看,无组织1区排放的细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5,粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒)中的铅分别占可吸入颗粒物(particulate matter,PM10,粒径小于10μm的颗粒)和总悬浮物颗粒(total suspended particle,TSP,粒径小于100μm的颗粒)中的66.6%和43.1%,无组织2区相应占比分别为54.1%和38.7%,这表明无组织排放的铅污染物粒径以小粒径颗粒为主.无组织排放颗粒物中铅含量与地面气象资料中风向、风速密切相关,其次是风能密度.铅冶炼区无组织排放颗粒物中铅含量与边界层风向、风速的相关度最高,其次是风能密度w;而渣场无组织排放颗粒物中铅含量与边界层温度垂直分布γ的相关度最高,其次是u、v分量,然后为风能密度w.