自养菌污泥致密过程及其污水处理特性研究

采用无机碳作为基质在SBR反应器内培养好氧颗粒污泥,考察了氨氧化菌(AOB)、硝化菌(NOB)在颗粒密实化过程中的变化规律及其对颗粒化的影响.研究发现自养菌形成的颗粒污泥极为密实,其密度高达1.06 g/mL,扫描电镜结果表明棒状菌是其优势菌群.出水的氨氮、亚硝酸氮及硝酸氮浓度分别为4.5~15.2 mg/L、10.2~20.3 mg/L和17.9~30.1 mg/L,氨氮的去除率为78%~92%.通过分析反应器内不同形态氮的变化曲线及变化速度,发现在实验初期较短的沉淀时间是AOB富集的主要因素,且颗粒的形成与AOB的富集无明显的相关性.与此相反,硝化速率与颗粒的形成有明显的相关性,颗粒形成有利于固定NOB,其代谢产物可以促进颗粒稳定化,因此,颗粒化与NOB之间存在相互促进的作用.另外,本研究还发现自养反硝化作用随着颗粒的形成而逐步得以强化.     

Understanding nutrient build-up on urban road surfaces

This article discusses the outcomes of a research project on nutrients build-up on urban road surfaces.Nutrient build-up was investigated on road sites belonging to residential,industrial and commercial land use.Collected build-up samples were separated into five particle size ranges and were tested for total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) and sub species of nutrients,namely,NO 2- ,NO 3- ,TKN and PO 43-.Multivariate analytical techniques were used to analyse the data and to develop detailed understanding on build- up.Data analysis revealed that the solids loads on urban road surfaces are highly influenced by factors such as land use,antecedent dry period and traffic volume.However,the nutrient build-up process was found to be independent of the type of land use.It was solely dependent on the particle size of solids build-up.Most of the nutrients were associated with the particle size range 150 μm.Therefore,the removal of particles below 150 μm from road surfaces is of importance for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from road surface solids build-up.It is also important to consider the difference in the composition of nitrogen and phosphorus build-up in the context of designing effective stormwater quality mitigation strategies.     

生物质颗粒燃料在沈阳地区发展的制约因素和对策研究

阐述了沈阳市利用生物质能源的基本情况和推进生物质颗粒燃料的优势。分析了生物质颗粒燃料在沈阳市推广应用过程中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了对策。     

酸化污泥膨润土颗粒对染料活性翠蓝的脱色研究

以污泥和膨润土为原料,硫酸为酸化剂制备了酸化污泥膨润土颗粒.对制得的样品进行了比表面积和SEM等表征,并用于染料活性翠蓝的脱色.考察了pH值、投加量、反应时间和反应温度的影响,并进行了方程的拟合,计算了热力学参数(ΔH⁰、ΔS⁰、ΔG)和吸附活化能E_a.结果表明,酸化污泥膨润土颗粒对活性翠蓝的吸附量随温度和初始浓度的增加而增大,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,其吸附动力学更适于伪二级动力学方程所述规律,吸附速率大小为313　K>303　K>293　K;吸附活化能较低,为5.52 kJ·mol^-1,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主.同时ΔH⁰>TΔS⁰和ΔG>0表明整个吸附过程活化焓的影响大于活化熵,且属于非自发反应.     

有机负荷对颗粒化SBR反应器的影响研究

研究了进水有机负荷对颗粒化SBR反应器的影响.当进水有机负荷由1.8 kg /(m³·d)逐步下降到1.575、 1.125和0.67 kg/(m³·d)时,好氧颗粒污泥形态特征发生了明显的变化,包括颗粒解体,污泥流失,颗粒化程度和整体沉降性能的下降,颗粒形状由较规则的球状变为杆状、星状等多种形状,颜色加深等.好氧颗粒污泥系统对COD和TP的去除率分别为90%和70%左右,且进水有机负荷的降低,对其影响较小,但会严重影响同步硝化反硝化的进行,当有机负荷由1.8 kg/(m³·d)下降到0.67 kg/(m³·d)时,硝化率下降了约45%,反硝化率下降了约40%.     

好氧颗粒污泥及其高效菌株降解苯胺的试验研究

以苯胺为唯一碳源和氮源,培养降解高浓度苯胺废水的好氧颗粒污泥,该体系对苯胺废水的最高耐受浓度高达6 000mg/L.通过分离纯化,从颗粒污泥体系中获得2株具有不同降解特征的苯胺降解菌adx1和adx3,菌株adx1在降解速率上具有明显优势,而菌株adx3对苯胺的最高耐受浓度高于adx1.上述菌株在降解苯胺过程中均遵循Haldane动力学模型,菌株adx1和adx3的最大比较降解速率分别为0.924 g/(g.h)和0.645 g/(g.h),比生长速率分别为0.487 g/(g.h)和0.440 g/(g.h).16S rDNA测序结果表明adx1和adx3分别属于Pseudomonas和Achromobacter属,与好氧颗粒污泥PCR-DGGE指纹图条带1和4测序结果一致,表明上述菌株分别为好氧颗粒化体系中优势菌群之一.     

异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥培养条件研究

以具有好氧反硝化功能的异养硝化菌剂作初始接种物,粉末状活性炭对该菌剂进行预固定,批次进水的方式培养出了异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥,研究了颗粒污泥的培养条件.结果表明,有机负荷、进水水质、曝气量和沉降时间都对异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥的形成发育起着重要作用.模拟废水和猪场废水都可以培养出异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥.在COD负荷4.0 g·(L·d)~(-1),氨氮负荷0.212 g·(L·d)~(-1),曝气量为200 L·h~(-1),沉降时间为2.0～4.0 min条件下可形成颗粒污泥.采用葡萄糖为碳源的模拟废水培养颗粒污泥容易引起丝状菌的增殖,导致颗粒污泥沉降性能变差和脱氮功能减退.采用猪场配水能够将丝状菌有效地淘汰出反应器,恢复颗粒污泥沉降性能和脱氮功能,并促进颗粒污泥发育成熟.成熟的颗粒污泥性状稳定,当COD负荷为6.6～8.6 g·(L·d)~(-1),总氮负荷为0.409～0.474 g·(L·d)~(-1),氨氮负荷为0.285～0.304 g·(L·d)~(-1)时,颗粒污泥对以葡萄糖为补充碳源的猪场废水的总氮去除率为84.75%～88.33%,氨氮去除率为99.9%以上,COD去除率为97.29%～98.62%.     

Laboratory simulation of SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under di erent SO2 concentrations

The variations of sulfate formation and optical coe cients during SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under di erent SO2 concentrations were examined using in situ di use reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatograph (IC). Laboratory experiments revealed that within ambient SO2 of 0.51–18.6 ppmv, sulfate product, producing velocity, absorption and backward scattering coe cients showed an increasing trend with SO2 concentration. Under given SO2 concentration, the velocity of sulfate producing performed an evolution of initial increasing, midterm decreasing and final stabilizing. The reactive uptake and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) uptake coe cients of heterogeneous reactions rose with SO2 and exhibited high reactivities. Considering global warming, this result is important for the knowledge of heterogeneous reactions of SO2 on mineral particle surface in the atmosphere and the assessment of their impacts on radiative forcing.     

Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China

The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl)-ethanone (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane (HHCB), were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/...     

悬浮填料流化池预处理原水中氨氮的研究

采用悬浮填料接触氧化生物预处理试验装置,对珠江原水进行中试研究。结果表明:原水的氨氮平均浓度为3.82mg/L,该工艺对氨氮的平均去除率达到83.7%,其出水氨氮平均浓度降为0.56mg/L,高锰酸盐指数的平均去除率可达14.3%。该工艺是处理高氨氮微污染原水的一种高效的生物反应器。