广东省电子废物回收处理体系建设对策研究

广东省的电子废物产生量大,亟须建立规范的回收处理处置体系,实现资源的有序回收利用,避免电子废物的不当拆解处理造成环境污染。针对广东省电子废物回收处理的现状和存在问题,提出建设规模化的集中处理体系,产业化的回收利用体系和规范化的统一监管体系的相关对策,以促进电子废物的无害化、减量化和资源化处理处置。     

我国建设内陆核电站对环境的影响

未来十年我国内陆核电将处在快速增长的阶段,本文以内陆核电站发电原理为基础,考察污染产生种类及成因,探讨我国内陆核电站在正常运营情况下可能对环境产生的影响,并思考发展方向。     

基于生态工业的区域光电产业链构建的探讨

生态工业是遵循循环经济理念和生态经济学原理,转变工业经济发展模式,解决人口、资源和环境压力,使人类社会走上可持续发展道路的生产组织方式。介绍了区域光电产业按照生态经济学原理发展的必要性,并从产业链和废物代谢链两方面探讨了生态工业链的构建。     

进口废物环境管理的新规定

答：为了规范和进一步完善固体废物进口环境管理工作,防止进口固体废物污染环境,国家发布了《固体废物进口管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）及《进口可用作原料的固体废物环境保护管理规定》（以下简称《规定》）。该《办法》与《规定》将分别于2011年8月1日及6月1日生效。     

Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment

Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature (110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS) was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control reactor.     

内蒙古包头放射性废物库安全运行25年

文章简要论述了内蒙古包头放射性废物库现状、扩建工程及环境整治工程概况,通过对库区、库外辐射环境质量监测,放射性处于一般环境水平,废物库运行20多年来,未对周围环境造成污染,通过整治工程的建设,达到了预期治理要求,废物库运行是安全的。     

中国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置行业二（口恶）排放水平研究

通过调研全国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施,对包含二噁英排放水平的设施按处置对象、炉型和处理量分类,并作系统分析和研究.结果表明现有危险废物焚烧设施烟气中二噁英的浓度比医疗废物低,达标率为74.19%;危险废物选用回转窑处置效果较好,达标率为66.67%;而医疗废物选用回转窑或热解炉,要综合考虑处置规模、生产成本和二英排放总量等因素;危险废物介于10~30 t·d-1和医疗废物介于10~20 t·d-1的处置设施要尤其注意二噁英的排放问题;医疗废物焚烧飞灰中二噁英的均值浓度为危险废物6倍以上,仅有16.67%满足填埋要求.二者烟气中二英的浓度分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDF和OCDD为主.     

如何认知核辐射污染程度的公告数据

日本福岛核电站发生核泄漏以来,我国的广播、电视、报纸、互联网几乎每天都要播报有关日本福岛核电站核泄漏污染扩散的影响范围和辐射相关数据。通报中经常出现有关核辐射污染程度的一些陌生字眼,诸如放射性核素、Bq(贝克)、Sv(西伏)、Gy(戈瑞)、放射性本底等。那么,我们究竟怎样从公告中这些陌生的字眼和数据中来认知核辐射污染的危害程度呢?接下来我将就此一一解读。     

Pyrolysis of rice husk and sawdust for liquid fuel

The paper is focused on studying how to convert rice husk and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were pyrolyzed at the temperature between 420℃ and 540℃, and the main product of liquid fuel was obtained. The experimental result showed that the yield of liquid fuel heavily depended on the kind of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the experiments, the maximum liquid yields for rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were 56% at 465 ℃, 61% at 490℃ and 60% at 475℃ respectively. Analysis with GC-MS and other apparatus indicated that the liquid fuel is a complicated organic compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as fuel oil without any up-grading. As a crude oil, the liquid fuel can be refined to be vehicle oil.     

高压水清洗装置研制及其性能验证

在核设施的退役、检修过程中,高压水射流去污是一种最常见的、使用频率最高的去污技术。基于流量控制技术,研制了具有流量调节的高压水清洗装置。依托中国核动力研究设计院热室去污试验平台,开展了不同影响因素参数组合试验、流量变化规律试验等。试验结果表明,较高的压力、较小的流量、较近的靶距、较长的去污时间,可获得较好的去污效果。