环境质量分析与评价方法分析

当今社会,经济高速发展,人们生活水平不断提升的同时,环境问题越来越受到人们的关注。时环境质量的分析与评价作为一门新兴学科,是通过采用科学的方法,来对环境质量的真实情况进行反应,从而为环境污染的综合防治和环境规划提供科学的依据。下面,文章简要概述了环境质量的意义,阐述了环境质量评价的类型,并对环境质量分析与评价的方法进行分析。     

基于弹塑性时程分析的结构地震倒塌时间研究

地震过程中建筑倒塌前的时间段,是人员逃生的重要阶段,研究结构地震倒塌时间规律对人员倒塌逃生避险有重要的意义。针对地震逃生方法研究的需要,基于RC框架结构的典型倒塌模式建立简化结构模型;将60条不同特性的人工地震波输入到8个结构模型得到弹塑性时程分析结果,再以结构损伤指数为1的条件求得结构地震倒塌时刻;利用假设的双重调节模型和回归分析方法,对地震波峰值加速度、特征周期和结构自振周期等因素与倒塌时间的关系进行了研究,结果表明,特征周期和结构自振周期在峰值加速度对倒塌时间的影响中存在双重调节效应;整理已有研究文献的倒塌试验结果与回归模型对比,验证弹塑性时程计算对倒塌时间估算的可行性。     

《中国环境科学》获评“2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊”

正2012年12月,《中国环境科学》被评为"2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"."中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"是中国科学文献计量研究中心、清华大学图书馆依据《CAJ国际引证报告》,按2011年度中国学术期刊被SCI期刊、SSCI期刊引用的总被引频次排序并经40多位期刊界专家审议,遴选出的TOP5%期刊.获评"中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"的科技类期刊共156种.统计分析结果表明,从定量分析的角度     

响应面法优化厌氧上清液除磷的研究

在用铁盐对厌氧段富磷上清液进行化学磷沉淀以实现磷的回收和达标排放的SBR系统中,为了减少铁盐化学除磷残余物可能对生物处理系统的影响,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验原理和响应面分析法,选择Fe:P、混凝搅拌强度、絮凝搅拌强度、搅拌时间等为自变量,残余铁离子为响应值,研究自变量之间的交互作用,以期优化化学除磷条件.通过Design-Expert 8.0软件得到1个二次响应曲面模型.得出最佳除磷条件:Fe:P比为1.40:1,搅拌强度为275r/min,快速搅拌时间为30s,絮凝搅拌强度为60r/min,絮凝时间为18min,沉淀时间为20min.在此条件下,化学混凝后残余铁离子浓度为0.37mg/L,化学除磷率大于97.66%.     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.     

我国清洁生产审核现状分析

清洁生产是我国工业可持续发展的一项重要战略.但目前有些清洁生产审核机构的清洁生产审核工作还存在着“粗放”现象,不利于清洁生产可持续发展.本文结合清洁生产审核现状,针对清洁生产审核过程中存在的问题,进行了系统分析.作者认为,树立群体意识、加强领导的表率作用,对促进我国清洁生产审核工作持续、稳定、健康发展,推进环境污染防治工作具有重要意义.     

生态经济城市建设的SWOT分析与策略研究——以粤北山区韶关市为研究样本

生态经济城市通过城市生态、经济与社会系统的动态协调,形成一个生态高度有效保护、经济良性高效发展、人与自然和谐相处的整体功能系统,代表了现代和未来城市发展的方向.作为全国首批六个生态文明建设试点地区之一和广东省的生态发展区,韶关市加快生态经济城市建设符合这一发展潮流和趋势.根据SWOT分析方法,对韶关市生态经济城市建设面临的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行分析,不仅为韶关生态经济城市建设提供策略依据,而且为其它类似地区的生态经济城市建设提供借鉴.     

现代物流绿色运输模式的节能减排潜力分析

介绍了现代物流绿色运输模式节能减排的机理及国内外研究与应用情况。以北京市三家店铁路货场改造为例,分析了现代物流绿色运输模式在北京市节能减排的效果。结果表明,以该模式运营后,三家店铁路货场可节约能源20 555 t/a(以标煤计,下同),减少PM2.5排放90.9 t/a;如按1 500万t/a进京货物计算,北京市可节约能源883 864 t/a,减少PM2.5排放3 908.7 t/a。在2012年物流业相关统计的基础上,结合该模式在北京运营的效果,分析了现代物流绿色运输模式对我国物流业节能减排的潜力,如对现有铁路闲置的2 546个货运站进行固定资产盘活改造,可节约能源5 000万t/a,减少PM2.5排放约20万t/a,同时激活沿途经济发展,节能减排潜力巨大。     

1987-2006年厦门市土地利用变化检测分析

通过对厦门市五个时相的土地利用变化检测,分析了厦门市1987年-2006年间各分区的土地利用变化及各地类在各年间的变化情况,并分析其变化原因.