夏季食物中毒应急措施

食物中毒通常指吃了含有有毒物质或变质的肉类、水产品、蔬菜、植物或化学品后,感觉肠胃不舒服,往往伴有发烧、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等症状,吐泻严重者可因脱水、休克而危及生命。     

有毒有害工种作业者提前退休存在的问题及改革思路

有毒有害工种实行提前退休制度是一项劳动保护政策。本文分析了确认有毒有害工种的依据和享受提前退休待遇中的问题,提出了以“岗位劳动条件”替代“工种”,以国家标准和科学技术检测数据确定有毒有害程度;建立“有害有害岗位作业证”制度等改革思路,使有害提前退休制度更科学合理、客观公正,以适应市场经济制度和社会劳动保险制度改革深化的迫切需要。     

中国实施《化学品首次进口及有毒化学品进出口环境管理规定》取得成效

中国实施《化学品首次进口及有毒化学品进出口环境管理规定》取得成效国家环境保护化学品登记中心ＩｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＲｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｎ“ｔｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＩｍｐｏｒｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓａｎｄｔｈｅＩｍｐｏｒｔ＆ＥｘｐｏｒｔｏｆＰｏｉｓｏｎｏｕｓ...     

有毒化学品进口环境管理办法初探

本文对有毒化学品进口的环境管理提出了四点建议:(1)确定优先管理的化学品名录,加强对潜在有毒化学品的重点控制;(2)实行有毒化学品进口环境管理登记制度,严格控制污染向我国转移;(3)对优先管理的化学品实行进口许可制度,严格控制优先管理化学品的进口;(4)建立化学品风险评价制度,提高科学管理水平。以此对有毒化学品进口实施有效的环境管理。     

2种再生水深度处理工艺对有毒有机污染物去除效果的评价研究

采用固相萃取(SPE)技术和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)的方法对2个再生水厂的进水和不同深度处理工艺出水中的有毒有机污染物进行了定性和定量分析,讨论了这2种不同再生水深度处理工艺对有毒有机污染物的去除效果.结果表明,厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A2/O)+连续微滤技术(CMF)+加氯消毒处理工艺和水解酸化+膜生物反应器(MB...     

苯酚对两种微囊藻生长的作用效应

用不同浓度的苯酚处理无毒铜绿微囊藻和有毒铜绿微囊藻。结果显示不加苯酚处理时，有毒藻生长量明显高于无毒藻；100μg／mL的苯酚促进无毒藻生长而抑制有毒藻的生长；苯酚浓度增至200μg／mL，无毒藻的生长才受到抑制。高浓度苯酚胁迫下的藻细胞：光合速率大幅度降低；可溶性蛋白含量减少；细胞膜透性增大；超氧阴离子(O2^-)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)相对含量升高；超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低。这些变化有毒藻较无毒藻更显著。表明：有毒微囊藻是水华中的优势种群；两种藻中有毒藻对苯酚的敏感性更大。     

有毒物质事故泄漏对河流污染的数学模拟

通过对有毒物质事故泄漏行为的数学模拟分析，提出了一种计算有毒物质河流断面超标风险率的方法，并通过实例模拟分析，探讨了在一定条件下，即为确保饮用水质的安全，把超标风险率控制在一定范围内，应采取的措施。     

Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful e ects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic e ects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the “critical” organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.     

环保部发布车用汽油柴油有害物质控制标准

环境保护部日前发布了国家环境保护标准《车用汽油有害物质控制标准（第四、五阶段）》、《车用柴油有害物质控制标准（第四、五阶段）》,这2项标准将于今年5月1日起实施。标准对国家第四、五阶段排放标准对应的车用汽油、车用柴油品质有了明确的要求。