噪声已成为影响石化职工身体健康的重要有害因素

通过历年的职业查体结果发现,在石油化工行业由于接触噪声而造成的高频听力损伤、耳聋的阳性检出率要远远大于接触其它职业病有害因素(包括有机溶剂、有毒有害气体、粉尘、射线和高温等)造成的职业病和职业禁忌业性损害的阳性检出率.分析现场监测资料,噪声超标率也大于其它有害因素的超标率.这就向我们提示,随着车间环境的不断治理改善,车间空气中有毒有害物质浓度越来越低,而噪声对职工健康的影响问题越来越突出,噪声污染治理已成为一个迫切需要解决的问题.现将某石化企业最近6年来接噪职工查体结果进行整理分析,以引起安全环保职业卫生工作者的重视.     

Physiological cellular responses and adaptations of Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1 to toxic organic solvents

A new Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1（KF059972.1） was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil sample by enrichment culture method. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 was able to tolerate a wide range of toxic compounds, such as antibiotics（800–1000 μg/mL）,synthetic surfactants（50–200 μg/mL）, and organic solvents（40%–100%）. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 showed good tolerance to both alkanes（cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane） and aromatics（toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene） with logPOW（logarithm of the partition coefficient of the solvent in octanol–water mixture） values between 2.64 and 5.98. However, alkanes were less toxic for R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells, compared with aromatics. The high organic solvent tolerance of R. erythropolis IBBPo1 could be due to the presence in their large genome of some catabolic（alkB, alkB1, todC1, todM, xylM）, transporter（HAE1） and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（otsA1, KF059973.1） genes. Numerous and complex physiological cellular responses and adaptations involved in organic solvent tolerance were revealed in R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells exposed 1 and 24 hr to 1% organic solvents. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells adapt to 1% organic solvents by changing surface hydrophobicity, morphology and their metabolic fingerprinting.Considerable modifications in otsA1 gene sequence were also observed in cells exposed to organic solvents（except ethylbenzene）.     

Effects of seasonal climatic variability on several toxic contaminants in urban lakes: Implications for the impacts of climate change

Climate change is supposed to have influences on water quality and ecosystem. However, only few studies have assessed the effect of climate change on environmental toxic contaminants in urban lakes. In this research, response of several toxic contaminants in twelve urban lakes in Beijing, China, to the seasonal variations in climatic factors was studied. Fluorides, volatile phenols, arsenic, selenium, and other water quality parameters were analyzed monthly from2009 to 2012. Multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between contaminants and climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Fluoride and arsenic concentrations in most urban lakes exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature/precipitation, which is mainly caused by rainfall induced diffuse pollution. A negative correlation was observed between volatile phenols and temperature/precipitation, and this could be explained by their enhanced volatilization and biodegradation rates caused by higher temperature. Selenium did not show a significant response to climatic factor variations, which was attributed to low selenium contents in the lakes and soils. Moreover, the response degrees of contaminants to climatic variations differ among lakes with different contamination levels. On average, temperature/precipitation contributed to 8%, 15%, and 12% of the variations in volatile phenols, arsenic, and fluorides,respectively. Beijing is undergoing increased temperature and heavy rainfall frequency during the past five decades. This study suggests that water quality related to fluoride and arsenic concentrations of most urban lakes in Beijing is becoming worse under this climate change trend.     

美国的化学品政策缺口

<正>因环境健康和经济原因,美国化学品政策需要进行深刻的变革.1976年颁布的《有毒物质控制法》(TSCA)为规范美国的工业化学品提供了主要法律依据,但据作者说,该法案不仅过时,而且无效.     

时尚的污染

还记得吗,你已经换了几台电脑了,几个新款手机了？你知道你的旧电脑和旧手机的归宿吗？你可能会说：我没有必要知道啊。但是,如果你知道这些废弃电子垃圾产生的废硫酸、重金属等大量有毒有害物质正源源不断地排入河流、渗入地下,通过食物链和饮用水,摆在你家的餐桌上,进入你的身体内,让你神经衰弱、手足麻木、消化不良,引起血液中毒甚至其他的病变,你还不需要知道吗？     

缺氧-好氧工艺处理炼油污水运行情况分析

缺氧 -好氧 ( A/ O)工艺能有效地降解 COD和 NH+4- N,COD平均去除率 >87% ,NH+4- N平均去除率 >92 % ,且产泥量少。分析了生产运行中有毒有害物质对系统的影响以及消除办法。对污水场存在的问题提出了改进建议     

辽东湾毒害微藻潜在风险分布及环境关联

以18S rDNA V4区作为目标基因,利用自行设计的真核浮游植物鉴定引物V4（F/R）,结合高通量测序技术,对辽东湾2014年四季海水中真核藻类多样性进行了检测.结果发现了辽东湾毒害藻类共29种,曾引发赤潮或褐潮的种类有19种,可导致鱼类大规模死亡的有8种,主要为甲藻门.有18种疑似为辽东湾新记录种,其中9种在中国海域未见报道;发现麻痹性贝毒（PSP）产毒藻8种,腹泻性贝毒（DSP）产毒藻2种,产虾夷扇贝毒素（YTX）产毒藻3种,神经性贝毒（NSP）产毒藻2种,溶血毒素（hemolysin）产毒藻13种,另外还有1种褐潮产毒藻（EPS）.辽东湾检出的毒害藻类中有8种自养型、1种异养型、20种混合营养型藻类.麻痹性贝毒、虾夷扇贝毒素、溶血毒素在夏季风险较高,神经性贝毒在秋季风险较高,腹泻性贝毒在春、夏季风险均较高,辽东湾东西两岸是贝毒风险高发区.辽东湾春季水温对YTX、NSP产毒藻影响显著负相关;夏季COD、Oil、DIN、Pb、Cd对各产毒藻类影响显著正相关;秋季各环境因子对各产毒藻类影响不显著;冬季Zn、As、Oil、DIN对各产毒藻类影响显著正相关,水温对各产毒藻类影响显著负相关,各产毒藻类与环境因子关联性有待于进一步研究.     

特殊人工环境对武器装备的危害

给出了在战争条件下特殊人工环境的定义,并举例说明了人工环境在古今战役中的应用,具体阐述了烟尘环境、核环境、电磁辐射环境和生化有毒沾染环境等4种特殊人工环境对武器装备各方面的危害,最后指出了在现代高技术战争中研究特殊人工环境对武器装备危害的重要性和必要性.     

A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Toxic elements in the atmosphere can enter and accumulate in the human body, seriously impacting human health. In this study, we analyzed a 14-year （1995-2008） measurement of three toxic elements （As, Cd and Cr） in PMlo in Hong Kong, China. The pollution of these toxic elements in Hong Kong was not serious. The trend analysis showed that As and Cr in PM10 increased at a statistically significant level （p〈0.05） during the 14-year period, while the Cd in PM10 did not change significantly. Typical seasonal variations were observed for all three toxic elements, largely in relation to the Asian monsoon. Hourly 10-day backward trajectories were computed and cate- gorised into four groups. The continental air masses showed much higher concentrations of the three toxic elements than the marine air masses. The abundances of As and Cd in the PM10 were much higher in the continental air masses than those in the marine air masses, while the abundances of Cr showed an opposite pattern. The trends of the three toxic elements in East China＇s air mass were consistent with those in the overall data set ofHong Kong. Examination of the toxic element data recorded at urban sites and a roadside site also indicated a large contribution of external air masses to particulate As and Cd in Hong Kong. These results suggest that the long-range transport from the mainland of China is the dominant contributor to particulate As and Cd, while both local and long-distance sources determine the particulate Cr in Hong Kong.     

美国非政府组织分析关于120种关注化学物质的数据

<正>2014年4月17日环境保护基金组织发布了一份题为《全美范围内的有毒物质》的报告,该报告编纂和分析了关于该组织表示已被权威机构确定属于"已知或怀疑健康危害"的120种化学物质的数据。使用美国环保署收集的数据,环境保护基金组织列出了这些化学物质中有哪些在美国销售,它们的生产量,生产或进口它们的企业,以及它们的生产地点和使用方式。随附的一份交互式地图允许用户获取数据,并